O nascimento prematuro contribui significativamente para o aumento de morbidades associadas ao desenvolvimento motor, tornando fundamental o acompanhamento contínuo destas crianças. Desta forma, a avaliação baropodométrica, por consistir em um método quantitativo de controle postural pode trazer vantagens para o diagnóstico e acompanhamento do desenvolvimento motor de crianças. Este estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver um protocolo de avaliação motora através dos dados e índices baropodométricos em crianças nascidas pré-termo. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, onde foram avaliadas 103 crianças entre 24 e 59 meses. Destas, 40 nascidas pré-termo e 63 crianças nascidas a termo. Durante a seleção da amostra, foi preenchida uma ficha de avaliação correspondente ao pré-termo grupo e um questionário com relatos dos pais no grupo a termo. Após, foram aferidos massa corporal e estatura, seguida da aplicação da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor. Por fim, a baropodometria foi realizada na forma estática, em três repetições, os quais consistiram de 5 segundos de adaptação da criança dobre a placa e 30 segundos onde foram aferidos dados de análise estática: pressão plantar e área do centro de oscilação corporal. Após, as pressões plantares foram transformadas em índices, o índice ânteroposterior foi definido pelas pressões plantares anterior e posterior: IAP= 1-2*│0,6-P│; e o índice látero-lateral, por sua vez, foi definido pelas pressões plantares laterais direita e esquerda: ILL= 1-│LD-LE│. Após a avaliação os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade das distribuições de Shapiro-Wilk, após verificada a distribuição não-normal, foi aplicado o teste de Mann-Whitney para verificar diferença entre os grupos, a associação entre os valores obtidos pelo baropodômetro, Escala do Desenvolvimento Motor, e as principais características e intercorrências do grupo pré-termo foi verificada através da correlação de Spearman. Foi observada diferença significativa nos valores de ILL (p=0,000) entre crianças nascidas a termo e crianças nascidas pré-termo, e que esta diferença possui correlação moderada com a idade gestacional (ρ=0,304), em relação ao centro de oscilação de pressão, crianças nascidas a termo apresentaram menor oscilação quando comparado a idade cronológica (ρ=-0,354), sendo que esta relação foi contrária em crianças nascidas pré-termo (ρ=0,336). Quando analisado somente o grupo pré-termo, foi verificado que o ILL apresentou correlação moderada e inversa com o tempo de internação (ρ=-0,353) e com o tempo de ventilação mecânica (ρ=-0,317) e a aérea do centro de oscilação de pressão apresentou correlação moderada e direta com o tempo de ventilação não invasiva (ρ=0,341). A massa ao nascer apresentou correlação moderada com o ILL (ρ=0,359) e também com a idade motora (ρ=0,323) e o quociente motor (ρ=0,341) e correlação forte com a IG (ρ=0,898) em contrapartida o peso atual apresentou correlação moderada com o quociente motor (ρ=0,310), e a IG (ρ=0,381) e correlação forte com a idade motora (ρ=0,555) e a idade cronológica (ρ=0,613). Houve diferença significativa em relação a idade de aquisição da marcha das crianças que precisaram de acompanhamento fisioterapêutico das que não precisaram (p=0,013). Um índice ILL menor em prematuros, pode estar relacionado ao tempo de internação e ventilação mecânica, além da massa ao nascer, já a maior aérea do centro de oscilação de pressão possui correlação com o tempo de ventilação não invasiva. Também pode-se perceber que a massa atual e a idade cronológica influenciaram mais no desenvolvimento motor que a massa ao nascer e a idade gestacional em crianças prematuras. / Preterm birth contributes significantly to the increase of morbidities associated with motor development, making essential the continuous monitoring of these children. Thus, baropodometry analysis by consisting of a quantitative method for postural control can be advantageous for the diagnosis and monitoring of engine development of children. This study aimed to develop a motor evaluation protocol through the data and baropodometric indexes in preterm infants. It was a descriptive study, which were evaluated 103 children between 24 and 59 months. Of these, 40 preterm and 63 term infants. During the sample selection was completed an evaluation form with data from medical records corresponding to the pre-term group and a questionnaire to parents on group term. After, body mass and height were measured, then the implementation of the Motor Development Scale. Finally, baropodometry was held in static form, with three replicates, which consisted of 5 seconds of child adjustment bend the plate and 30 seconds which were measured static analysis data: plantar pressure and pressure swing center area. After, the plantar pressures were transformed into indexes, the anteroposterior index was defined by the anterior and posterior plantar pressures: API = 1-2 * │0,6-P│; and side side index, in turn, defined by the right and left side planter pressure: SSI = 1- │RS-LS│. After evaluating, the data were submitted to normality test of Shapiro-Wilk distributions, being checked the non-normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney test was used to verify differences between groups, the association between the values obtained by baropodometry analysis, Motor Development Scale, and the main characteristics and complications of preterm group was verified by Spearman correlation. Significant difference in the values of SSI (p = 0.000) among term infants and infants born preterm were observed, and this difference has moderate correlation with gestational age (ρ = 0.304) compared to the pressure oscillation center , full-term babies showed less fluctuation compared to chronological age (ρ = -0.354), and this relationship was contrary in preterm children (ρ = 0.336).When only analyzed the preterm group, it was found that the SSI had moderate and inverse correlation with the length of stay (ρ = -0.353) and the duration of mechanical ventilation (ρ = -0.317) and the air oscillation center pressure showed moderate and direct correlation with noninvasive ventilation time (ρ = 0.341).The mass at birth showed moderate correlation with SSI (ρ = 0.359) and also with the motor age (ρ = 0.323) and the ratio engine (ρ = 0.341) and strong correlation with gestational age (ρ = 0.898) in contrast current weight showed moderate correlation with the motor quotient (ρ = 0.310) and gestational age(ρ = 0.381) and strong correlation with the motor age (ρ = 0.555) and chronological age (ρ = 0.613). There was significant difference in the age of acquisition of march of the children who needed physical therapy monitoring of those who did not needed (p = 0.013). A smaller SSI index in premature infants, may be related to hospitalization time and mechanical ventilation, in addition to mass at birth, already the largest air pressure oscillation center has correlation with noninvasive ventilation time.It may also be seen that the current mass and chronological age influenced more motor development than the mass at birth and gestational age in preterm children.

Abstracts in Afrikaans and English / Inklusiewe onderrig ondersteun die insluiting van alle leerders met verskillende behoeftes en vaardighede in klaskamers, wat baie keer te groot, of te verskillend vir doeltreffende onderrig is. Beweging as deel van ‘n vroeë leerervaring is noodsaaklik vir optimale neurale ontwikkeling. Dit beïnvloed organisasie en stimuleer die spesifieke neurologiese sisteme nodig vir optimale funksionering en ontwikkeling van die brein. Sensoriese integrasie disfunksie word gesien as die wortel van baie leerprobleme. Die vestibulêre sisteem is direk verbind met die sensoriese en motoriese sisteme. ‘n Sensoriese integrasie disfunksie het ‘n duidelike invloed op die vestibulêre sisteem. Die vestibulêre sisteem het baie interkonneksies met baie dele in die brein, byvoorbeeld propriosepsie en die tassisteem. Doeltreffende funksionering van die sensoriese, motoriese en vestibulêre sisteme word verlang vir ‘n hoë vlak van prestasieverrigting in sport en akademie. Wanneer die vestibulêre sisteem gestimuleer word, het dit ‘n direkte positiewe invloed op die sensoriese en motoriese ontwikkeling van leerders. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal wat die persepsie van grondslagfase-onderwysers en ouers is oor die rol en voordele wat vestibulêre oefeninge te weeg kan bring in die motoriese en sensoriese ontwikkeling van leerders. Leerders in graad 1 van ‘n privaatskool, asook van grade 2 en 3 van ‘n plaasskool is gekies as deelnemers in die studie. Die keuse van leerders was op grond van die bereidwilligheid van hulle en hul ouers om aan die studie deel te neem. Leerders het ‘n vestibulêre oefenprogram drie maal per week gedoen vir die tydperk van agt weke. Observasie-vraelyste is deur onderwysers en ouers ingevul na afloop van die derde sessie elke week. Vir die vraelys het ouers en onderwysers gekyk na die verbetering in aandagspan, konsentrasie, luistervaardigheid, oogkontak, sosiale interaksie en samewerking. Onderhoude is met ouers en onderwysers gedoen na aanleiding van die observasievraelyste wat vir die agt weke voltooi is. Transkripsies van die onderhoude is gedoen en afleidings is gemaak deur analise van die observasie-vraelyste en die getranskribeerde onderhoude. Al ses die ontwikkelingsareas by beide skole het verbetering getoon oor die agt weke. Dit dui daarop dat vestibulêre oefeninge wel ‘n invloed op die sensoriese en motoriese ontwikkeling het. / Inclusive education promotes the inclusion of learners with different needs and capabilities in classes which are often too big and diverse for effective teaching. Movement as an early learning experience is necessary for optimal neural development. It influences organisation and stimulates the specific neurological systems required for optimal functioning and development of the brain. Sensory integrative dysfunction is believed to be at the root of many learning disorders. The vestibular system is directly connected with the sensory and motor systems. The vestibular system will be directly affected when a sensory integrations dysfunction presents. In fact, the vestibular system has many interconnections with almost every other part of the brain like proprioception and the tactile system. Proper functioning of the sensory, motor and vestibular systems is required for higher level performance in sport and academics. When the vestibular system is stimulated, it will result in a positive influence on the sensory and motor development of learners. The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of foundation phase teachers and parents regarding the role or benefits of vestibular exercises in promoting learners’ motor and sensory development. Learners in Grade 1 of a private school and Grade 2 and 3 learners of a farm school in the northern Free State were selected as participants in the research. Learners were selected on the basis of the willingness of them and their parents to participate in the research. The participants did exercise sessions three times a week for thirty minutes over a period of eight weeks. Observation sheets were completed for all eight weeks, for the duration of the exercise program, by teachers and parents. These sheets were completed weekly after the third sessions in that week. The observation sheets listed concentration, attention span, listening, eye contact, cooperation, social interaction and self-esteem as developmental areas. Interviews were done after the period of eight weeks with the parents and teachers. The interviews conducted with both parties were taped and meticulously transcribed. This helped the researcher to get a better understanding of the study and to analise data and draw conclusions.All six areas of development showed improvement at both schools over the period of eight weeks. This indicates that stimulating the vestibular system promotes sensory and motor development. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inklusiewe Onderwys)