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Dietary and physical activity patterns in motoric cognitive risk syndrome in the framingham Heart StudyAlSarraf, Rawan 30 October 2024 (has links)
Background: Dementia is a neurodegenerative syndrome that affects one’s ability to remember, think, make decisions, and live independently. It is predicted that over 150 million people will be affected by dementia by 2030. There is currently no cure for dementia, and the best course of action is early detection and the management of modifiable risk factors. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is used to assess risk for developing dementia by taking into account two risk factors: slow gait speed and memory complaints. Its simplistic nature would allow for easy integration in clinical settings, rather than performing costly and arduous tests to predict dementia.
Methods: The Framingham Heart Study (FHS) was established in 1948 in Framingham, Massachusetts. The Offspring cohort was initiated in 1971 with the children of the original Framingham cohort. Omni I was initiated in 1994 to include participants of mixed races. We excluded participants with dementia and those unable to complete activities of daily living from our study sample, leaving a sample size of n=2,435. MCR was defined as self-reported memory complaint and slow gait-speed, using a cut-off of 0.879 m/s (the average of male and female mean gait speeds minus one standard deviation). The Harvard semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the Alternative Healthy Eating Index and its components. Accelerometer data was used to assess physical activity. Neuropsychological tests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and Mini-Mental State Exam were used to assess cognition.
Results: We reported an MCR prevalence of 7.3% (n=166) in our cohort of mostly older adults (>60 years). Participants with MCR were older (mean age 77.05 vs. 69.02 years in non-MCR) and more likely to be female (64.46% vs 54.91% in non-MCR). The presence of MCR was associated with depression (14.46% vs. 7.54%), lower scores on the Mini-Mental State Exam (28.27 vs. 28.81) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (61.88 vs. 65.33), as well as higher sedentary time (15.50 vs. 14.18 hours per day) and fewer steps (3576 vs. 6227 steps per day), compared to those without MCR, even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and depression.
Conclusion: People with MCR have distinct health characteristics, and different dietary and physical activity profiles compared to those without MCR. Additional studies characterizing those with MCR would allow for better detection of those who may be at the highest risk for dementia, which would lead to more patients receiving care to postpone the onset of dementia.
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