As the drive continues to reduce the size of Printed Wiring Assemblies (PWAs), improve performance of electronic assemblies, and reduce costs of these products, reliable secondary (bottom) side reflow operations must be developed. Attaching Surface Mount Technology (SMT) components to the secondary side of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is accomplished by placing components on the PCB's secondary side and processing it through the reflow oven at this point. This board is then flipped over so that more components can be placed on the side that is facing up (primary side). The PCB must again be processed through the reflow oven. Large Integrated Circuit (IC) packages that are soldered to the secondary side fall off of the PCB during reflow of the primary side. Intuition may lead one to believe this is caused solely by weight, size, etc., but experienced personnel are not able to consistently predict which components will fail. The purpose of this work is to convey the necessary knowledge to explain and predict the behavior of components during Secondary Side Reflow (SSR). This thesis will ultimately present a method by which guidelines for SSR can be created. Currently, SSR is limited to small passive devices and small Integrated Circuit (IC) packages. It is anticipated that future PWA designs will require large ICs such as Quad Flat Packs (QFP) and Ball Grid Arrays (BGA) on the secondary side. A large variety of SMT components are available, but the focus of this research was directed towards large IC packages. Current manufacturing guidelines for such products do not exist and development of these are imperative if a costly trial and error approach is to be avoided. In an environment where product technology advancement and cost reduction are key to survival, industry must develop and understand this manufacturing process. Cost savings from SSR will be most directly realized with compressed product development cycles, reduced use of PCBs, components, and raw materials, and more efficient use of manufacturing capital and employees. These cost savings would be realized nearly immediately after a set of manufacturing guidelines is developed. / Graduation date: 2000

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1972. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-96). Also available on the World Wide Web.

I will begin at the beginning, the original construction of the Temple by Solomon and will examine the political nature the Temple achieved even before the first stone was placed. From there the Temple goes through a phase of destruction, rebuilding and destruction again. Each of these phases has political undertones that are important to understand in light of the religious ones. Jewish identity comes into question and the Temple becomes a tool by which to gain legitimacy in the political realm. However, once the Temple is destroyed a second time Jews have to accommodate themselves to a reality in which they no longer have control of space where the Temple stood. Repeated conquests over Jerusalem keeps the Jews either in Jerusalem but under foreign control, or out of Jerusalem and living in the Diaspora. Jews are forced to deal with these changes and to form their responses. Their political authority diminishes and their religious life attempts to deal without the Temple. What comes of this is years of struggle and formations of religious and/or political movements in order to ultimately accomplish one of two things; either to return to Jerusalem and establish a Jewish state, or to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple. A continuous thread that runs through much of Jewish history is how the Temple, as both a religious symbol and a political tool, has shaped Jews thought about themselves as a people with both religious and political values and aspirations. Having a greater understanding of Jewish history will contribute to the understanding of the current political situation that Jerusalem finds itself in today.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geology, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 105 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-91).

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