Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:30:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Remane Selimane.pdf: 5001353 bytes, checksum: 76b0dcb624589611e1bd8a87b85b3c49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-02 / This research fits into the theme of curriculum development. Its focus is to understand the curriculum revision in Mozambique, since the mid 2000s. It seeks to understand to what extent this process has been ongoing on the basis of valid theoretical assumptions and how that has been reflected in the improvement or not of the quality of education offered. It critically analyzes curriculum integration in the area of Social Sciences, in the Junior General Secondary Education. Specifically, the research analyzes the process of creating of the discipline of Social Sciences in the Field of Communication and Social Sciences. Thus, the basic categories are: curriculum (development, reform and integration) and (discipline of) Social Sciences, as well as patriotic references and values. The relevance of this discussion is justified primarily by its timeliness. The study is based on the epistemological principles of dialectic paradigm and the assumptions of qualitative research and develops through documentation, bibliographic and documentary research, questionnaires and interviews. The empirical research was based on documents on the subject issued at the Ministry of Education of Mozambique and fieldwork benefited from the testimony of 20 (twenty) teachers and 10 (ten) national level educational supervisors or tecnitions. In the four chapters of this work, besides the Introduction and Conclusions, it is discussed, in turn, the origin of the research problem, the author's personal motivations for its achievement and other aspects that reinforce the rationale, objectives, methodology and track the results produced. There's, also, an historical critical review on the construction of the curriculum, taking in Mozambique, having as a starting point the time when the author started to be involved in it; a critical analysis of Teaching Programs of History and Geography in the Junior General Secondary Education, and data collected through interviews and questionnaires. A theoretical approach based on the categories enunciated above and supported by critical authors. Outline the conclusions, in conclusions, which sum up the basic ideas of work, seeking to respond to the challenge put at first. The work provides an outline of some alternative strategies to the process of curriculum construction in haste. It has been assumed that the proposed strategies conducive to achieving the aims of the Social Sciences Area at General Secondary Education and strengthen the contribution of this area in the curriculum structure particularly, and in the development of Mozambican General Secondary Education curriculum, in general / Esta pesquisa enquadra-se na temática de desenvolvimento curricular. Seu foco é a compreensão da revisão curricular em Moçambique, que vem decorrendo desde meados da primeira década de 2000. Ela busca perceber em que medida este processo tem estado a ser desenvolvido com base em pressupostos teóricos válidos e como isso pode estar a repercutir-se na melhoria ou não da qualidade de ensino oferecida. Analisa criticamente a integração curricular na Área das Ciências Sociais, no Ensino Secundário Geral do 1º Ciclo. De modo concreto ela centra a sua atenção no processo da concepção da disciplina de Ciências Sociais na Área de Comunicação e Ciências Sociais, daí que as categorias básicas sejam: desenvolvimento, reforma e integração (curricular) e (disciplina de) Ciências Sociais, assim como referências e valores (pátrios). A relevância desta discussão justifica-se, fundamentalmente, pela sua actualidade. O estudo baseou-se nos princípios epistemológicos do paradigma dialéctico e nos pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa e se desenvolveu através da documentação; pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. A pesquisa empírica baseou-se em documentos sobre a matéria emitidos pelo Ministério da Educação de Moçambique e o trabalho de campo beneficiou do depoimento de 20 (vinte) professores e 10 (dez) técnicos pedagógicos de nível central. Nos quatro Capítulos deste trabalho, além da Introdução e das Conclusões, abordase, sucessivamente, a origem do problema da pesquisa, as motivações pessoais do autor para a sua realização e outros aspectos que reforçam a justificativa, os objectivos, a trilha metodológica e os resultados a que ela permitiu produzir; uma abordagem preliminar seguida de uma análise histórico-crítica sobre a construção do currículo, em Moçambique tendo como ponto de partida, a altura em que o autor passou a estar envolvido no processo; uma análise crítica dos Programas de Ensino de História e Geografia do Ensino Secundário Geral do 1º Ciclo, e dos dados colhidos através das entrevistas e questionários; uma discussão teórica baseada nas categorias acima enunciadas e fundamentada por autores críticos. Esboça-se as conclusões em Conclusões, onde são retomadas as ideias básicas do trabalho, procurando-se responder ao problema colocado no início. O trabalho fornece o esboço de uma estratégia alternativa ao processo da construção curricular em apreço. Tem-se em vista que a estratégia proposta favoreça o cumprimento das finalidades da Área de Ciências Sociais do Ensino Secundário Geral e reforce o contributo desta Área na estrutura curricular, em particular e no desenvolvimento do currículo do Ensino Secundário Geral, em Moçambique, em geral

Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study deals with an analysis of Mozambican education policy documents, linking this analysis to theories of democratic citizenship education. It suggests that, for Mozambican people to become active citizens who are able to face and challenge their social problems, a deliberative democratic citizenship education has to be adopted in their schools. In such deliberation the citizens should participate equally and freely in different debates and activities, without feeling intimidated by those in power. If such deliberative democratic citizenship education does not exist in schools, the citizens may not be able to recognise their rights and find solutions for the problems in society. The ideas of philosophers of deliberative democratic citizenship education, such as Amy Gutmann and David Thompson, Seyla Benhabib and Iris Marion Young, are used to think about democratic citizenship education in Mozambique. This analysis assists in answering the following research question: ‘Can the education policies in schools contribute to promoting democratic citizenship education in the Mozambican society? If not, what should be done?’ Furthermore, interpretive methodology and analytical inquiry are applied as methods to interpret and understand the education policy documents and to undertake a critical analysis of the concept of democratic citizenship education, as well as of education policy documents. The analysis of Mozambican education policy documents illustrates clearly that the government is concerned about the eradication of illiteracy, by increasing access to education, equality and quality of education, and the preparation of citizens who know their basic rights and can contribute to the development of their communities and democracy. The results demonstrate that the government is achieving some of the goals related to access to education. For instance, the government increased the number of primary schools from 7 013 in 1999 to 11 859 in 2008. However, more still needs to be done with respect to the quality of education. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that Mozambican education policies lack democratic citizenship education. For instance, the education policies were analysed in three distinct periods, namely post-independence, post-civil war and the period of the Millennium Development Goals. The policies are indicated to be inadequate to cultivate democratic citizens in Mozambican society, particularly because there is a need to boost a deliberative democratic citizenship education in schools. For example, in the first period, citizens did not have an opportunity to deliberate and be autonomous citizens in the educative process. Everything was done by the government. In the second period the government allowed the participation of other organisations, communities and institutions in the educative process, but there is no specification of how those citizens participated in the process of decision making. In the third period the government became concerned about important aspects and values of democratic citizenship education that should be taught directly in school. In this context the government introduced Civic and Moral Education and themes to be discussed in the classroom, which potentially will enable citizens to be critical. This situation shows that, in public schools, teachers should educate learners through classroom deliberations. It implies that teachers need to create conditions for the teaching and learning process so that all citizens, independent of their origin, class, sex and race, can participate and work together in deliberation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie handel oor ’n analise van Mosambiekse onderwysbeleidsdokumente, en verbind hierdie analise aan teorieë van demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys. Dit stel voor dat vir Mosambiekers om aktiewe burgers te word wat die vermoë het om hulle sosiale probleme te konfronteer en uit te daag, ’n beraadslagende demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys in hulle skole nodig is. In sulke beraadslaging moet burgers op ’n gelyke voet en vrylik aan debatte of aktiwiteite deelneem, sonder dat hulle deur die maghebbers geïntimideer word. Indien so ’n beraadslagende demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys nie in die skole bestaan nie, sal burgers moontlik nie hulle regte herken nie en ook nie oplossings vir die samelewing se probleme kan vind nie. Die idees van filosowe van beraadslagende demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys soos Amy Gutmann en David Thompson, Seyla Benhabib en Iris Marion Young is gebruik om demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys in Mosambiek te oorweeg. Hierdie analise dra daartoe by om die volgende navorsingsvraag te beantwoord: ‘Kan die onderwysbeleide in skole ’n bydrae maak tot die bevordering van demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys in die Mosambiekse samelewing? Indien nie, wat moet gedoen word?’ Verder is verklarende metodologie en analitiese ondersoek as metodes gebruik om die onderwysbeleidsdokumente te interpreteer en te verstaan en om ’n kritiese analise van die konsep van demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys, sowel as van die onderwysbeleidsdokumente, te onderneem. Die analise van Mosambiekse onderwysbeleidsdokumente toon duidelik dat die regering ernstig is oor die uitwissing van ongeletterdheid, met toenemende toegang tot onderwys, gelyke en kwaliteitopvoeding, en die voorbereiding van burgers wat bewus is van hulle basiese regte en ’n bydrae kan maak tot die ontwikkeling van hulle gemeenskappe en die demokrasie. Die resultate toon dat die regering sommige van sy doelwitte behaal met betrekking tot toegang tot onderwys. Byvoorbeeld, die regering het die aantal laerskole vermeerder van 7 013 in 1999 tot 11 859 in 2008. Meer moet egter nog gedoen word met betrekking tot die kwaliteit van onderwys. Die studie demonstreer verder dat Mosambiekse onderwysbeleide ’n gebrek aan demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys toon. Die onderwysbeleide is byvoorbeeld in drie afsonderlike tydperke geanaliseer, naamlik ná onafhanklikheid, ná die burgeroorlog en in die tydperk van die Millennium Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte. Die beleide is duidelik onvoldoende om demokratiese burgers in die Mosambiekse samelewing daar te stel, veral omdat daar nog ’n behoefte daaraan is om ’n beraadslagende demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys in skole ’n hupstoot te gee. Byvoorbeeld, in die eerste tydperk is burgers nie die geleentheid gegun om te beraadslaag en as outonome burgers in die onderwysproses op te tree nie. Alles is deur die regering gedoen. In die tweede tydperk het die regering deelname deur ander organisasies, gemeenskappe en instansies in die onderwysproses toegelaat. Maar daar is geen aanduiding van hoe hierdie burgers in die besluitnemingsproses deelgeneem het nie. In die derde tydperk was die regering besorgd oor belangrike aspekte en waardes van demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys wat direk in die skool onderrig moet word. In hierdie konteks het die regering Burgerleer en Sedeleer en temas wat in die klaskamer bespreek moet word, ingevoer wat burgers potensieel sal help om krities te wees. Hierdie situasie toon dat onderwysers in staatskole leerders in klaskamerberaadslaging moet opvoed. Dit impliseer dat onderwysers vir die onderrig- en leerproses toestande moet skep waarin alle burgers, ongeag hulle oorsprong, klas, geslag en ras, kan deelneem en saam kan beraadslaag.