Due to the significance of education and upbringing in the individual and social life of human, these two subjects have received a great deal of attention from Muslim thinkers. The present work looks at Murtaḍa Mutahhari's (1920--1980) thought on these subjects. / Ta'lim (education) and tarbiyah (upbringing) in his view are the only paths to human perfection. The humanity of insan (human), which is based on human knowledge and tendencies, makes him capable of receiving ta'lim and tarbiyah and thus of becoming a perfect human being. Mutahhari believes that Islamic ta'lim and tarbiyah are the best means of attaining such a goal. / In his analysis of ta'lim, Mutahhari identifies ta'aqqul (reflection) as the factor that enables the insan to distinguish reasonable from unreasonable and true from false, empowers him to see the future and not imprison himself in the present and prevents him from surrendering to the customs and traditions of the majority. / Tarbiyah, on the other hand, tends to develop the human faculties (as compared to the animal faculties) in such a way that all his faculties achieve their expected growth and a balanced development. / In Mutahhari's view the moral foundation of each school of thought shapes its respective system of tarbiyah by developing the human faculties in accordance with those foundations. Hence, since the foundation of Islamic morality is self-respect, Islamic tarbiyah can therefore be defined as a system that develops the human faculties based on self-respect. Interestingly enough, since self-respect is based on self-knowledge, and since this leads to the knowledge of God, Islamic tarbiyah can therefore be said to be based on self-knowledge and knowledge of God.

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