The contrast between the theory and practice of Islamic banking is generally acknowledged by many scholars. After more than three decades in operation, the rapid growth of the Islamic banking industry is, in reality being driven by the application of the debt-like contracts (e.g. murÁbaÎah and ijÁrah) rather than the profit and loss sharing contracts (e.g. muÃÁrabah and mushÁrakah). As the adaptation of the former contracts creates "unauthentic" Islamic financial products, many have questioned their compliance with sharÐÝah principles. The present study analyses this issue by examining the application of muÃÁrabah rules in Malaysian Islamic banking practices. It evaluates the extent to which the current practices fulfil the principles and the ethical framework of the muÃÁrabah contract as propounded by the classical jurists. The study also analyses the justifications of Malaysian sharÐÝah scholars for modification of the doctrine, adapting it to the modern banking business. The study found that the local sharÐÝah scholars have adopted an incoherent legal methodology when making their ijtihÁd. They can be very rigid, concentrating solely on the legal technicality and at the same time be very flexible, adapting an unregulated doctrine of maÒlaÎah. Therefore, some of their resolutions could be seen as contradictory to the rulings found in classical fiqh.

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Islamic finance is entering into a new pattern. It is deemed that Islamic finance should take initiative to meet the increasing needs of microfinance with aim of alleviating poverty and to help the poor people in their distress. Concept of Islamic Microfinance is being used to fulfill the demands of microfinance in the developing countries. Different models of Islamic finance are proposed to be used in microfinance activities to help the poor people for betterment of their personal life and to initiate the small business for the overall growth of the economy. But profit and loss sharing (Mudarabah) model is being criticized due to high risk involvement. Due to high risk factor, proper monitoring is deemed necessary for the smooth running of the contract. Our current research tends to investigate the underlying risk attached with Profit and Loss sharing project. As per theory of Profit and loss sharing financing all the risk is to be borne by the investor of the capital i.e. microfinance institution. But monitoring itself is not risk free and can result in expenses that would surpass the original price of the sanctioned loan. In the long run and at very end, we are hopeful that our research findings would play an important role to overcome the issue of monitoring in profit and loss sharing loans in microfinance. / Islamisk finansiering går in i ett nytt mönster. Det anses att islamisk finansiering bör ta initiativ för att möta de ökande behoven av mikrofinansiering med syfte att minska fattigdomen och att hjälpa fattiga människor i deras nöd. Begreppet islamiska Mikrofinans används för att uppfylla kraven från mikrofinansiering i utvecklingsländerna. Olika modeller för islamisk finansiering föreslås att användas i mikrofinansieringsverksamhet att hjälpa de fattiga för förkovran i deras personliga liv och att inleda ett litet företag för den totala tillväxten i ekonomin. Men vinst och förlust delning (Mudarabah) modell är att bli kritiserad på grund av hög risk engagemang. På grund av hög riskfaktor är korrekt övervakning anses nödvändigt för att fungera väl i kontraktet. Vår nuvarande forskning tenderar att undersöka den underliggande risken fäst med Resultaträkning dela projekt. Per teori av vinst och förlust dela finansieringen alla risker skall bäras av investeraren av kapitalet, dvs mikrofinansiering institution. Men övervakningen i sig inte är riskfritt och kan resultera i kostnader som skulle överträffa det ursprungliga priset på sanktionerade lånet. I det långa loppet och på slutet, vi hoppas att våra forskningsresultat kommer att spela en viktig roll för att lösa frågan om övervakning i resultaträkningen dela lån mikrofinansiering.