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This thesis is an analysis of the political thought and activities of an Iranian 'alim, SAYYID HASAN MUDARRIS (1870-1938). It demonstrates the continuation of the Iranian 'ulama's struggle, started in late 19th century, against colonialism and despotism during the years after the Persian Constitutional Revolution. This study investigates the deep causes of conflict between Mudarris and Riza Shah, the founder of the Pahlavi regime. Mudarris was a man of God as well as a man of his people. He was a mujtahid with high degree of patriotic sentiments. He devoted his life to Iran and to the dignity of his people for whose freedom from the yoke of Imperialism and despotism he lost his life.