This thesis sets out to explain the relationship between fiscal spending and economic growth. The relationship is established using a panel vector autoregression model estimated by GMM, using GDP growth and government spending on a panel of 30 OECD countries. The model used is tested with slight variations in specification which are concluded to be important in the finalized results. By altering the specification used in the model this thesis produces relatively different sizes on the multiplier effect both in the short run and in the long run effect. The size of the multiplier effect produced by this thesis is varying between 0.437 on the low side and 2.224 on the high side depending on a few alterations in model specification. Similarly, the long run multiplier effect is measured as 1.873 on the low side and 8.263 on the high side. The mean duration of the multiplier effect is estimated to be approximately 3 years.

The financial tsunami struck the entire world in 2008, leading to global economic downturn and unprecedented loss in the global financial markets. In an already weakened economic environment, investors continued to lose confidence, unemployment soared to an all time high and consumer spending continued to shrink. Thus economic growth continued to spiral downward. After careful consideration of all economic indicators and approaches taken by other countries, the Taiwan government launched the Consumption Voucher Policy in a short period of time. The government launched a variety of economic stimulus packages to revive the economy and restore economic growth as quickly as possible. To make distribution of consumption vouchers in the amount of NTD 3,600 dollars to each person, for which was to be spent within a short period of time, and it was estimated to add 0.66 percent on the economic growth of 2009. The issuance of the consumption voucher which helped to stop the economic free fall by encouraging consumer spending, also demonstrated government efficiency and exhibited cooperation among government authorities and people. The scope of this study is focusing on the causes and effectiveness of the program, and summarizing the data collected to record the first issuance of consumption vouchers.

This project is aimed at comprehensive analysis of financing of the arts in Czech republic. The study describes main sources of financing of art activities focusing on public financial support. The whole point of this study is to find out reasons for public supporting and to determine the legitimity from economic point of view. Last but not lest autor pays attention to multiplier effect an its real consequences.

Abstract In the theory of Economics, investment can bring about Multiplier Effect to the whole GNP, no matter in employment, national income, and even economic growth rate, with an uprising influence. Therefore, every country in the world that hopes to develop economy will do all the best it can to attract investment in order to promote economic prosperity. So, establishing an Export Processing Zone (EPZ) is one of the most used ways when the developing countries want to develop economy. Taiwan has set up its EPZs for more than 41 years. The EPZs have played an important role in the national economic development, have laid down an exemplary foundation for Taiwan¡¦s export processing industries, and have written down a footnote of an ideal model in Taiwan¡¦s economic miracle. But due to the changes in economic situations both domestically and internationally, the magnet effect of mainland China¡¦s so-called ¡¨World Factory¡¨ and the establishment of Special Economic Zones in many countries around the world, the investment environments of export processing zones in Taiwan have all suffered a hardship gradually and the competition of attracting investment has become more fiercely from day to day. Luckily enough, the in-zone enterprises have continuously transferred the industrial structure to cope with the industry¡¦s economic changes from the traditional industry¡¦s labor-intensive pattern to the industry cluster in capital, technology and knowledge-intensive patterns. Also, the governments have changed in systems and adjusted the functions constantly so that the enterprises can keep growing and sustain their operations. The paper collected the related plans, documents and secondary data of EPZs¡¦development, regional industrial development, Ping-tung county¡¦s industrial development and the current situations of PEPZ, and then makes the conclusions and analyses, In addition, the paper analyzes the strengths and weaknesses, possible opportunities and threats of inside and outside of the PEPZ by SWOT analysis, and investigated the non-engaged investors by face-to-face interviews about the reasons that they don¡¦t invest in PEPZ for the reference of making the recruiting strategies, and then made questionnaires to the representatives of industries, government officials and scholars in universities by Delphi Method, so as to obtain the primary data and collect and analyze them. The paper quoted some of the researches in regional advantages of industrial models from Professor Wu Chi-hua and Dr. Tsai Jin-kun to analyze the industrial advantages of Ping-tung county, Kaohsiung city and Kaohsiung county, and all of the Export Processing Zones. By making references from Input-Output Tables of the Executive Yuan and the nation¡¦s important industries in the coming ten years, the paper sifted out the industries that PEPZ intends to recruit in the future. And then, through the Delphi Method of expert¡¦s results inspections, the paper made a conclusion that the important industries that PEPZ can recruit includes metal products, energy industry, electronics and its components, automobile and auto-parts, machinery & equipments. In the end, the paper studied the recruiting strategies and practical ways of attracting investment through the theory of SWOT to analyze the recruiting competitiveness of PEPZ. The paper obtained the matrix of SWOT strategic analysis, and drew up SO¡]strength-opportunity¡^strategies, WO(weakness-opportunity) strategies, ST(strength-threat) strategies and WT(weakness-threat) strategies after the expert¡¦s inspections. There are 13 strategies and practical ways .

The problem of weak economic development in Nigeria despite a substantial inflow of revenues from oil exports especially from the early 1970s and other subsequent periods is an important issue to examine. This outcome presents a number of problems for any government regime in Nigeria seeking to provide solutions to enable the country to escape the adverse effects of natural resource wealth. At present, the Nigerian government is still struggling to find solutions to tackle the deteriorating state of affairs, particularly in terms of unemployment, rising food prices and internal security. The main aim of this study is to help understand the dynamic relationship between natural resource wealth and economic development. This research study analyses the trajectory of economic and political development in Nigeria over the period 1960 to 2010. This study employs historical political economy and empirical approaches in examining the relationship between oil wealth and economic development. This method distinguishes the study from others carried out in the literature, particularly from those on Nigeria where the common approach in this strand has been to examine the relationship using economic theories alone. The rationale for the approach employed in this study is that Nigeria has its own unique development in terms of politics, which has been influenced by the social structure and colonial history of the country and thus the impact of oil on economic growth should be investigated separately using a historical and empirical approach so as to capture time trend interactions between societal issues, politics and economic outcomes. First, this study examined the relationship between oil and economic performance using social, political and economic factors such as ethnic and regional differences, political instability, changes in ownership structure of the oil sector and government expenditure, which is largely financed by oil revenues. Next, the research empirically examined the impact of these factors on economic sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing. Afterwards, it analyses the impact of political and economic events in the preceding periods on the current or subsequent period that coincided with a return to democratic rule on major economic sectors. In general, the results show that the period, which marked a transition to a stable political regime, has no impact on economic performance from 1999 - 2010. Implicitly, this means that democracy in isolation is not a process that accompanies economic development and that a strong policy which could foster national unity and overcome regional and ethnic differences is needed. In order to promote sound economic development this policy should be dynamic, specific and directed to the promotion of a national agenda that will target and benefit important sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing through creating forward and backward linkages in a multiplier effect.

Local procurement by public bodies is one type of Short Food Supply Chain (SFSC), which have been argued to contribute to economic regeneration and local sustainable development. In the current UK policy environment, quantifying actual local economic gains could add much-needed weight to arguments in favour of local procurement in the NHS and other public bodies. To aid such quantification, this paper exemplifies and evaluates the use of a ¿quick and simple¿ tool called LM3, designed to measure the local economic benefit of initiatives like SFSCs. LM3 is calculated for the Cornwall Food Programme (CPF), a localised procurement initiative. The findings confirm that the CPF has a considerable impact on the local economy. Notwithstanding this conclusion, difficulties in data collection combined with inaccuracies inherent to the LM3 process created a large margin of error in the findings. Moreover, a qualitative evaluation of the CPF added a valuable understanding of the wider economic impact of the CFP. The use of an even simpler and more reliable ¿LM2¿ multiplier tool is recommended for future studies, accompanied by some qualitative evaluation to create a fuller picture of local economic impacts.

The proposal of cultural tourism development in the selected area of the upper Vltava identifies market opportunities of cultural tourism in the region, determines the optimal technical and the property providing for the project and defines the financial options. The aim of the project is the development of cultural tourism, the highlighting of the area and in the future, an attracting new participants in cultural tourism by untraditional way and the promotion of artistic creation.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar o impacto econômico gerado pela Escola de Especialistas de Aeronáutica (EEAR) no município de Guaratinguetá-SP, em função dos recursos movimentados por sua comunidade, formada pelo efetivo militar, civil e seus dependentes a partir da renda recebida na referida Instituição de Ensino. Em relação à metodologia, trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica, documental com abordagem mista, qualitativa e quantitativa. Utilizou-se dos métodos dedutivo e comparativo para fins de análise dos documentos fornecidos pela EEAR e pelos censos divulgados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), no ano de 2010. Conclui-se que a EEAR gera impacto econômico considerável no município de Guaratinguetá. Os resultados apontam que os efeitos do trabalho de ensino da EEAR provêm da sua contribuição na formação de sargentos especialistas, de nível técnico, e de seu poder de exercer um efeito multiplicador na economia local e regional através de diversos investimentos realizados. Sugere-se a realização de novas pesquisas a partir do efeito multiplicador da renda sobre os impactos indiretos que também são gerados no município em prol do funcionamento à EEAR. / This research aims to identify the economical impact generated by EEAR in Guaratinguetá-SP, because of the communitys resources. The community is formed mostly by the military and civilian employees of the institution who earn their income from it. This paper also shows the main socioeconomic features of Guaratinguetá and EEAR. Concerning the methodology, it is an exploratory, referential and documentary research with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Both deductive and comparative methods were used in order to analyze the documents provided by EEAR e by the census published in 2010 by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). The one can conclude that EEAR has a considerable economical impact on the city. The results show that the effects of the work done by EEAR is a consequence of its contribution to the specialized sergeants formation and its power to produce a great effect over the local and regional economy through several investments. New researches are suggested based on the multiplying effect of the income over the indirect impacts that are also generated in the city in favor of EEAR.

Dilapidated immovable cultural monuments, care for them, their salvation and any other use or conservation for future generations is the last time hot topic. Despite the xpensive maintenance and often significantly (whether awaited or already paid) investments in these objects we are more and more aware that these monuments are an integral part of the cultural heritage which uniquely demonstrates creative work, effort, attempt, way of thinking and craftsmanship of previous generations, making it an indispensable and irreplaceable source of knowledge of national history and it is our moral responsibility for the cultural heritage of the past to properly take care of. More and more it is true that the level of preservation of the monuments reflects the maturity of the social system, the public sentiment and democracy in the country. In this doctoral thesis the issue of cultural immovable monuments, definitions of basic concepts in terms of valid and prepared legislation and a general description of conservation including points of view on the value of historically valuable objects and the determination of this value, is introduced. Furthermore, the basic methods usable precisely for the quantification of value including examples of their use, description of the suitability for specific needs or drawbacks of each method, are processed. The proposed methodology for quantifying the value by using multipliers is carefully documented and then presented on a specific investment objective of reconstruction and further use of the dilapidated cultural immovable monument. The aim of the doctoral thesis is to prove or disprove that the use of the multiplier of production of the national economy can build the appropriate method for quantifying the value of investments in immovable cultural monument.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-05-05T13:21:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marília Rodrigues.pdf: 4635899 bytes, checksum: e6ae4c9abe358047ed6135bcdbcb3480 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-05T13:21:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marília Rodrigues.pdf: 4635899 bytes, checksum: e6ae4c9abe358047ed6135bcdbcb3480 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / A dificuldade para visualizar o retorno que os investimentos na área social podem gerar para a sociedade e para a economia do país faz com que, tanto as empresas como o governo, não tenham a real dimensão das consequências destes investimentos ao longo do tempo. Dentro deste contexto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo computacional do Balanço Social Sistêmico Dinâmico, a fim de visualizar o efeito multiplicador gerado pelos investimentos do governo brasileiro na área social. O método de pesquisa adotado foi a Design Science Research que caracteriza-se pela construção e avaliação de artefatos desenvolvidos com o propósito de solucionar um problema. Na primeira fase da pesquisa, definiu-se a problemática envolvida neste estudo e elaborou-se o referencial teórico, onde os principais temas para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram abordados. Na segunda, selecionou-se as variáveis que foram utilizadas para a construção de uma estrutura sistêmica. Nesta fase também desenvolveu-se um modelo computacional piloto e o modelo computacional do Balanço Social Sistêmico Dinâmico. Na terceira e última fase, criou-se e simulou-se alguns cenários. Os resultados gerados pelos cenários foram utilizados para o cálculo do efeito multiplicador, que leva em consideração a evolução do PIB e dos gastos com saúde e educação. A partir do cálculo do efeito multiplicador concluiu-se que investimentos governamentais na área social geram impactos positivos sobre a economia do país. Onde o investimento em educação foi o que apresentou maior impacto sobre o PIB. No entanto, deve-se fazer uma combinação entre os investimentos em saúde, educação e infraestrutura tendo em vista a interdependência dos investimentos. / The difficulty to visualize the return that the investment in the social area can generate for society and the country economy, consequently makes both companies and the government, do not have the actual magnitude of the consequences of these investments over time. Within this context, the present research aimed to develop a computational model of a Systemic Dynamic Social Balance to view the multiplier effect generated by the investments of the Brazilian government in the social area. The research method adopted was the Design Science Research that is characterized by the construction and evaluation of artifacts developed for the purpose of to solve a problem. In the first phase of the research, was defined the problems involved in this study and drafted up the theoretical framework where the main themes for the development of the research were discussed. In the second, was selected the variables that were used to construct a systemic framework. At this stage was also developed a computational model pilot and computational model of a Systemic Dynamic Social Balance. In the third and final phase was created and simulated up some scenarios. The results generated by the scenarios were used to calculate the multiplier effect, which considers the evolution of GDP and costs on health and education. Whereof the calculation of the multiplier effect it was concluded that governmental social investments generate positive impacts on the economy of the country. Investment in education showed the greatest impact on GDP. However, one must make a combination between investments in health, education and infrastructure in view of the interdependence between investments.