Thesis (MMed.(Paed.-Faculty of Health Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

South Africa, in general, is plagued by high unemployment, especially among the youth. The study explores how mentorship can be employed to foster youth entrepreneurship at Telkom, South Africa. The primary focus of the investigation was to establish whether mentorship could be the answer to the declining youth entrepreneurship in the city of Tshwane. The study was done by conducting a qualitative research, using the Telkom mentorship programme as the sample. The sample consisted of mentors and youth mentees from the Telkom mentorship database. Data was collected using semi-structured open-ended interviews. Data analysis was done using thematic analysis with Atlas Ti 8.0. The literature showed that mentoring has benefits for both mentors and entrepreneur mentees. It also showed that the government and private sectors can play a key role in youth entrepreneur mentorship. The findings of the study have proven that mentorship yields positive results for youth entrepreneurs, which supports the literature in this study. The findings of the study yielded five themes, which were: success factors for mentorship, inhibiting factors for mentorship, role of government in mentorship, role of private sector in mentorship and influence of mentorship on successful youth entrepreneurship. In addressing the objectives of this study, the findings have proven that there is a relationship between mentorship and successful youth entrepreneurship, as per the first objective. The role of government and the private sector were identified as key in the mentorship of youth entrepreneurs. The recommendations made in this study include improvements in the mentorship programme for mentees and mentors, initiatives by government that include more mentorship programmes and better communication as well as providing funding for mentorship programmes. Additionally, the private sector needs initiatives to make their programmes more accessible to the public. Further research to establish the correlation between mentorship and successful entrepreneurship is recommended / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

M. Tech. Cost and Management Accounting / Long-term financial planning in South Africa was at the time of the study not regulated by legislation. In addition, municipalities were accused of failing to plan their finances, which included failure of adherence to the long-term commitments of long-term contracts, neglecting revenue collection, and consequent over-reliance on government grants and borrowing. The aim of this study was to assess whether the adoption of the Long-term Financial Strategy by the City of Tshwane, improved the municipality's financial performance, in order to determine whether a longer term financial strategy should become a legal requirement for all municipalities in South Africa.

Up until 1994 the area of local government has been faced with a number of challenges. Communities blame both councillors and municipal officials for poor service delivery and maladministration. Whereas some cite cases of limited resources for the slow pace of delivering the services that are required by the community. Given the limited resources at their disposal, municipalities are bound by the Constitution of the country to satisfy the legitimate expectations of their communities. This relates to the provision of water, sanitation, electricity, health and other services. This requires municipalities to establish and operate on a basis of an effective, efficient and professional governance system. The main objectives of the study were to critique local governance and investigate the challenges facing the Big 5 False Bay Local Municipality; and bring to the fore the service delivery disparities with a view to suggest possible remedial measures for the consideration of the municipality and government. The aim of this research project was to investigate the extent to which the pre-1994 administrative system impacted to the service delivery effort of the Big 5 False Bay Local Municipality. The project also sought to analyse the capacity of the municipality in respect of it being functional governance machinery. Data analysis reveals that there is a positive attitude of the community towards participation in the affairs of the ward and the municipality. This is evident when one looks at the results of the community participation in the drafting or formulation of the IDP and also on the formulation of the ward budget. Most importantly, it is noticeable that the majority of the respondents took it among themselves to effectively participate in the local affairs through voting in the municipal elections and through effective participation when community meetings are called. / Thesis (MPA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.

Air pollution has increased over time due to human population growth, industrialisation and other economic activities which have led to global and localised deterioration in air quality. The uMhlathuze Municipality, located on the KwaZulu-Natal North Coast is one such local area that has a rapidly developing Industrial Development Zone, currently comprising many large and small scale industries. These large-scale operations are amongst South Africa’s largest process industries and operate continuous combustion processes which release significant quantities of air pollutants into the atmosphere. These pollutants include reduced sulphur gases, mercaptans, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide (SO2), sulphur trioxide, carbon dioxide, particulate fluoride and ammonia. In light of the promulgation of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (AQA) of 2004 and the need to assess ambient air quality, the contribution of air dispersion modelling to ambient air quality management in the uMhlathuze Municipality was assessed using SO2 as an indicator pollutant. The Gaussian puff urban air dispersion model called Calpuff was used to model five scenarios including a control run with actual emissions data; a worst-case run using permitted emissions data; and three emissions reduction scenarios using 25%, 50% and 75% reductions of the permitted data.. The results of these modelling scenarios were compared with results of other modelling studies recently conducted in the uMhlathuze Municipality, as well as with the South African Ambient Air Quality Standards (SAAAQS) for SO2. The results revealed that the permitted emissions scenario led to exceedances of the SAAAQS 1-hour and 24-hour average concentrations over most of the uMhlathuze Municipal area. The use of the permitted emissions values produced higher SO2 concentrations over the study area than the control run that comprised current emissions values. The control scenario produced similar results to the scenario in which there was a 50% reduction in permitted emissions data and suggests that the industries are operating at half of their permitted levels of SO2 emissions. The reduction of the permitted emission by 75% shows a significant decrease in the area exceeding the SAAAQS 1-hour standard, and compliance with the SAAAQS 24-hour and annual average standards. The results of this study for the control scenario based on actual emissions were higher than previous studies conducted in uMhlathuze due to a larger quantity of SO2 emissions used in the modelling exercises, different meteorological data sets and different air dispersion models used. However, there is a close correspondence between the Airshed (2006) results and this study when similar quantities of SO2 emissions were modelled in the permitted emissions scenario. In view of the exceedances experienced in the control run and permitted emissions scenarios, it is likely that under the AQA, some reduction in emissions will be required. In line with the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism National Framework classification system, the City of uMhlathuze is likely to fall under a Class 4 area, in which ambient concentrations of SO2 can pose a threat to the health and well-being of people. Immediate air quality management action plans that have specific timeframes for compliance with the ambient standards are required. The National Framework notes that the air quality impact of an industry will be assessed before an Atmospheric Emission License is granted and implies that each industry is required to undertake an air quality specialist study to determine its individual impact on ambient air quality. The air quality specialist study should include air dispersion modelling to assess the ambient SO2 concentrations; a health risk assessment based on the results of the dispersion modelling; and mitigation measures that are required to ensure compliance with ambient standards through the use of the Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO). / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007.

This was a study of the devolution of water and sanitation management functions from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry and Rand Water Board to Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. This affects the functions and the infrastructure that goes with it. This exercise is the fulfilment of the provisions of Water Services Act that empowers municipalities to become Water Services Authorities and where capacity exists to also become Water Services Providers. It was found that though constitutionally, water and sanitation functions resort under municipalities, in the area of study, the Tshwane municipality did not directly deliver these functions. This happened due to the fact that Tshwane did not have human capacity to deal with the functions, they provided the funding as a subsidy to Rand Water Board who in turn provided financial support to Odi Retail Water that is currently responsible for water and sanitation management as a subsidiary to Rand Water Board. The following are recommendations derived from the findings: That the political activities be raised in the areas to encourage people to pay for their services and take responsibility for meter reading on their own like it is happening in Denmark. In Denmark each household reads meters for both water and electricity personally and submits the readings to the municipality for billing. As a result the municipality did not employ special meter readers and by so doing they safe on salaries. That greater resource allocation is made to cover the shortfalls that were experienced due to lack of management capacity and other resources that would enable Tshwane municipality to run the functions on their own. That capacity building and support for professionals be streamlined on the current Odi Retail Water staff for future absorption by municipality. 4. That promotion of community-based development be continued to encourage community ownership on water management functions. This could be done through the formation of community water associations. While community-based approaches are now accepted as the norm, the necessary: capacity to support them in most cases does not generally exist at the higher levels (national, district and local) and Tshwane needs to look at this. Communities currently remain uninterested in taking part in wider water management for a number of reasons, including lack of ownership or control over decisions; lack of real power to make allocation and use decisions; high transaction costs of involvement; and poorly developed frameworks by which the views of large communities can be represented at stakeholder fora. Therefore, Tshwane must make sure that community's interest is supported in all respect. If the municipality cannot handle these functions on its own, then privatisation should be considered for efficient and effective water and sanitation management and provision. / Thesis (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2002

Poverty is generally acknowledged as one of the most serious problems facing post-apartheid South Africa. The biggest challenge facing South Africa localities today is their ability to cope with alarmingly high levels of unemployment that are severely retarding both economic growth and poverty. The growth of the poverty in South Africa increases the spread of poverty in communities in which the cycle of their poverty can be passed onto the next generation if not well addressed. South Africa is characterised by inequitable growth and development, a high degree of poverty, increasing demands and limited resources and challenge of integration. In order to fight poverty the South African government has introduced mechanisms and plans to alleviate poverty and to monitor and evaluate the impact of their policies and programmes on reduction of poverty, the government has prioritized poverty alleviation in its development agenda. To fight poverty the South African government introduced a well planned and coordinated programme known an Integrated and Development programme (IDP) with its main purpose that is to enhance service delivery and fight poverty through an integrated and aligned approach between different role players and stakeholders. The IDP seeks to promote integration by balancing the social, economic and ecological pillars of sustainability without compromising the institutional capacity required in the implementation.

The study investigated the problems and challenges facing the Amathole District Municipality when implementing Local Economic Development (LED) projects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors affecting this implementation. The other major challenge is the number of different institutions and agencies that are involved in LED. Consequently, the desired results cannot be achieved, thus the communities continue to live in poverty, the local economy cannot improve and there will be a high rate of unemployment. In order to address the research problem and to achieve the research objectives, available literature on Local Economic Development was reviewed. Empirical data was also collected making use of face-to-face interviews. The research revealed that the implementation of LED projects has not been entirely effective, mainly caused by the lack of capacity within the municipality to fully provide support in the implementation of LED projects; limited funding; shortage of personnel; political and administrative instability; problems regarding to social facilitation; and LED not being prioritised by the municipality and also seen as an unfunded mandate. From the investigation, the findings indicate that the effective implementation of these projects require strengthened capacity which needs more funding, more skilled personnel to drive the process, de-politicised development and the municipality to prioritise high impact projects that yield sustainability as opposed to smaller projects that unsustainable.

Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017. / Municipalities support social and economic development through infrastructure investment and help to alleviate poverty by providing free basic services to the poor households. The primary funding mechanisms to support municipal service delivery to the poor is the MIG allocated to the municipalities in the form of conditional grant. The MIG programme was specifically established to assist the poor to gain access to infrastructure and can only be used for infrastructure towards basic services. This study investigates the impact of Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) on basic service delivery in Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality which is in Limpopo Province. The findings and recommendations are mainly and only applicable to this specific municipality although there may be areas of possible extrapolation. This study employed primarily a qualitative research as a methodological approach to address the specific research questions. The interview schedule and semi-structured questionnaire were used together with the examination of existing documents. A total of 28 municipal officials and community representatives were involved in this study. Data was analysis using qualitative content analysis method and descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that: Firstly, the finding highlights that the municipality makes all efforts to comply with the requirements of MIG. (a) The spending trend of the municipality shows effective utilization of MIG. However, records show that the municipality has a tendency of spending after three months (October) after commencement of the financial year (It should be noted that the municipal financial year starts from July to June of the next calendar year). The result also reveals that at the project level there might be some over spending tendencies. (b) It is also evident that the municipality has the capacity and the mechanisms to manage MIG implementation; nonetheless, there is a sign that there is inadequate capacity of technical administrative skills and project management skills which are essential for MIG administration. (c) Mechanisms to monitor MIG implementation are indicated by site visits, site meetings and monthly service provider meetings. (d) The municipality demonstrates iv accountability in terms of the administration of MIG by submission of monthly reports, annual reports; implementation plans; cash-flow budget to the national office through provincial office; and by submitting financial statements to Treasury. (e) There is an average understanding of knowledge of MIG and of decisions about projects budgets by community representatives. Secondly, although the finding reveals that the municipality is rendering basic services to its residents using the MIG, some officials indicated that there is a backlog in roads infrastructure and that the municipality needs more funding to address the backlog. The community representatives were recorded saying that the communities are not satisfied with the services rendered by the municipality. It was also evident that the municipality is struggling to address the backlog because of the mushrooming of new settlements and the limited MIG funds. Finally, the finding shows that MIG programme has contributed to improving basic service delivery in Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality. Respondents from municipal office specified that MIG is the main source of funding for delivery of basic service to its communities. The community representatives revealed that they have benefited from different types of projects delivered by the municipality in their wards such as: water, sanitation, electricity, high mast lights, roads and storm water, community halls, crèches, sports facilities, parks, low level bridges and schools. It was also stated by community representatives that the infrastructural projects implemented are not properly maintained. In addition, the finding shows that most respondents are still not well-informed about MIG. That is the reason that they have inadequate information about the projects at local level. Keywords: Infrastructure; Grant; Service; Impact; Municipality

M. Tech. Comparative Local Development. Department of Economics. / Local systems of innovation are defined as spatial concentrations of market and non-market agencies that combine to create new products and/or services in specific lines of economic activity. If successful, local systems of innovation bring about local economic development, building up the economic capacity of a local area in order to improve its economic future and the quality of life for its population. The aim of this research project is to study the local economy of the Amathole District Municipality using the local systems of innovation approach.