Orientador: José Eduardo Ribeiro de Paiva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T03:50:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Pinto_WaldirdeAmorim_D.pdf: 1276240 bytes, checksum: 8a86b876e4f1a39e8d680c931ea6e7b2 (MD5) Pinto_WaldirDeAmorim_Anexo.zip: 100462299 bytes, checksum: d1dd90b2bae3cd94ad8bcc39bca911d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve por finalidade identificar convergências nos trabalhos de mediação dos produtores musicais envolvidos com o movimento do pagode nas décadas de 1980 e 1990. O samba apresentado nas rodas de pagodes nos anos de 1980, e que ficou comercialmente conhecido como pagode - ou "samba de raiz", mais recentemente -, é caracterizado por musicólogos como representante das comunidades restritas e da tradição do samba. Da mesma forma, os musicólogos costumam caracterizar os artistas que emergiram na década de 1990 - e que tiveram seus trabalhos classificados como pagode - como incorporadores de elementos estrangeiros e modernos ao samba, num "novo" pagode que ficou conhecido como "pagode romântico". A despeito destas dicotomias que envolvem o pagode, ao passar por um estúdio de gravação a música de ambos os segmentos (e períodos) reflete um processo de mediação; e as figuras dos produtores musicais são responsáveis por isso, no âmbito da indústria fonográfica. Utilizando-se da análise de fonogramas de artistas ligados ao pagode (de ambas as décadas) e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os produtores musicais daqueles artistas, foi possível identificar algumas estratégias, objetivos e padrões de produção musical que deixam as fronteiras préestabelecidas menos nítidas. Dessa forma pôde-se concluir que, além das dicotomias, há muitas convergências que permitem avaliar o pagode de maneira menos segmentária e mais independente do discurso moderno-tradicional, hibridoautêntico, nacional-internacional que vêm pautando os estudos sobre o assunto; e é quando se analisa o pagode sob o prisma do produtor musical que se identifica o mercado como diminuidor de fronteiras e integrador de pólos distintos / Abstract: This research aimed to identify convergences in mediation work of record producers during the movimento do pagode of the 1980s and 1990s. Samba made in the rodas de pagode in the 1980s, commercially known as pagode - more recently called rootsy samba -, is characterized by musicologists as the representative of restricted communities and samba tradition. Likewise, musicologists often characterize the artists that emerged in the 1990s - and had their work classified as pagode - as incorporators of foreign and modern elements to the samba, creating a "new" pagode which became known as "romantic pagode". Despite these dichotomies involving the pagode, passing the music of both segments (and periods) by a recording studio reflects a process of mediation and the figures of record producers are responsible for that within the music industry. Through the analysis of repertoire of artists connected with the pagode (in both decades) and semi-structured interviews with the record producers of those artists it was possible to identify some strategies, objectives and standards of record production that leave the pre-established boundaries less clear. Thus it can be concluded that besides the dichotomies there are many convergences for assessing the pagode in a less segmental speech - more independent of the modern-traditional, hybrid-authentic, national-international discussions that have been basing the studies on the subject. Analyzing the pagode through the prism of the record producers makes possible to identify the market as borders subtractor and distinct poles integrator / Doutorado / Fundamentos Teoricos / Doutor em Música

The purpose of this research was to gather information about the production, marketing and distribution of Zambian contemporary music by Zambian musicians. Very little information has been documented about the development of the Zambian music industry, particularly from the perspective of those within the industry. As a result this study attempted to add to this knowledge. To achieve this Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts of ‘fields’ and ‘habitus’ were used to gain an understanding of what affects the creation of art forms such as music as well as the structures and underlying processes within the music industry. The concept of ‘fields’ usefully framed an explanation of the struggles and connections within the various fields in the industry and a view of the Zambian music industry in relation to the international industry. To gather the data necessary for this research a qualitative approach was utilised involving semistructured in-depth questionnaires from twenty-three interviewees. These interviewees were selected from various sectors of the music industry in an attempt to gain a holistic perspective of the industry in the 21st century. There were four subgroups: the artists (singers, rappers and instrumentalists), managers, radio DJs, and a miscellaneous group made up of the remaining participants, a Sounds Arcade manager, a music journalist, the National Arts Council Chairperson, a Zambia Music Copyright Protection Society (ZAMCOPS) administrator, and the then President of the Zambia Association of Musicians (ZAM). With the limited exposure to formal musical, instrumental and production training, musicians, instrumentalists, managers and studio production personnel interviewed had had to learn their craft on-the-job. This limited knowledge appears to add to the hindrance of the development of careers and the industry, particularly in terms of how to register and distribute music correctly to earn royalties and protect their intellectual property against piracy. From an institutional level piracy is being addressed more forcefully with the introduction of holograms and the tightening of policies and structures to do with the music industry.