In the first half of the nineteenth century, London provided an excellent environment with abundant musical activities that attracted outstanding musicians all over the Continent to be here for their careers. Both the Industry Revolution and the French Revolution brought essential changes of political and economical activities into London, and consequently influenced the musical environment. In addition, the enthusiasm for music, from the Royal to the civics, provided a stage for the development of piano music. This thesis discusses the musical environment and social condition of London in the first half of the nineteenth century, their influence to the writing and performing of piano sonatas by ¡§the London Pianoforte School.¡¨ There are three main chapters in this thesis. Chapter One discusses the influence of social transition to musical activities and points out the social phenomenon of music, the performing environment, the demand of piano production, and the technical improvement of piano making. Chapter Two investigates the writing of piano sonatas by ¡§The London Pianoforte School¡¨, including the forming of the school, musician activities in London, and situations about of the piano sonatas that were written and published. Chapter Three examines the functions of piano sonatas of ¡§the London Pianoforte School¡¨, and compares the differences between sonatas written for teaching and for public concerts purposes, focusing on writing techniques for different functions.

Charles-Valentin Alkan ( 1813-1888 ), French composer and pianist at early nineteenth century, devoted himself to write piano music only as Chopin during his entire life. As a child prodigy, his talent of performing piano was recognized when he was quite young, then, became as an outstanding pianist of his time. However, because of his unsociable personality and strange behavior, Alkan was soon forgotten by the public. His music was discovered in recent decades by scholars and pianists. They started to explore his works; consequently, he became famous again. There are three parts in this study. The first part aims on his mysterious life. The second part seeks to clarify the development of the concerto and the musical environment of Paris at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The last part should focus on music style and structure based on his earlier work Concerto da Camera, No. 10. Hopefully, through the research, the historical significant of Alkan can be defined more precisely.

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the family's influence on the development of a child's musicality at an early age, from birth to his pre-school period. In the work the author first describes the general development of the child and then the musical development of the child in individual developmental periods, because the development of music takes place inseparably from the overall development of the child and his personality. This description also includes the period of prenatal development. A part of it is the characteristics of individual musical abilities, the development of which can already be seen at children at this age. The work focuses on the influence of father, mother and siblings of the child on his overall development and development in the field of music, describes the appropriate musical environment in the family and the possibilities of its positive influence. The practical part logically follows the theoretical part and draws on the knowledge contained in it. It focuses on specific practical musical activities that can be performed with children of this age within the family. It aims to create a set of simple ideas for the development of musicality of children in toddler and early pre-school age. The author first characterizes the musical environment in her family and...

本研究旨在了解我國兒童音樂性向的現況,同時探討兒童音樂性向與年級;性別;智力;音樂環境;音樂成就等因素之間的關係.本研究採叢集抽樣,以臺南縣市地區七所國民小學一至六年級兒童為樣本,總人數為1682人.本研究工具有三:高登的"音樂聽受力中級測驗";研究者自編的"兒童音樂環境調查問卷"與"兒童一般音樂能力成就測驗",以上三種工具分別以信度分析;t考驗;因素分析;積差相關分析 考驗其信度與效度.本研究所得資料以描述性統計分析;t考驗;單因子變異數分析;Scheffe'事後比較;積差相關分析;多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析.本研究有下列七項重要發現:(1)兒童音樂性向呈現高狹峰負偏態的分佈(2)不同年級兒童在音樂性向上有顯著差異.兒童音樂性向在國小一至三年級發展最快,尤其一至二年級最為明顯,三至四年級音樂性向發展漸趨平緩,至國小四年級,兒童音樂性向已達穩定狀態(3)不同性別兒童在音樂性向上有顯著差異.就全體而言,國小女生之音樂性向顯著高於男生,但就各年級而言,國小男女生音樂性向在一年級原本並無差異,但至六年級,男女生的音樂性向差異越趨明顯,本研究推論乃後天男女角色期望不同所致.(4)兒童音樂性向與智力有顯著相關.兒童音樂性向與智力的相關在低年級較明顯,但兒童音樂性向與音樂環境的相關反而是在高年級較明顯,這顯示兒童音樂性向在早期與先天能力較有關,但隨著年齡漸增,音樂環境的影響力越來越大.(5)兒童音樂性向與音樂環境有顯著相關.國小低年級兒童的音樂性向與兒童的音樂喜好及參與度較有關,而國小中高年級兒童的音樂性向與樂器學習經驗及家庭接觸音樂頻率較有關.(6)兒童音樂性向與音樂成就有顯著相關,兒童音樂性向可有效預測兒童音樂成就,而整體音樂性向對音樂成就的預測力,較單獨用音調性向或節奏性向來預測音樂成就的效果佳.(7)除了音樂性向之外,同時納入兒童的年齡;音樂環境;智力等因素,對兒童音樂成就的預測效果較佳.本論文並建立兒童音樂性向的區域性常模,而論文最後提出對音樂教育相關行政單位;國小校長;音樂教師及兒童父母的建議, 並建議日後建立全國性的兒童音樂性向常模,及探討兒童音樂性向與其他因素的關係. / This study is to survey the children musical aptitude in Taiwan and discuss therelationship among grade, sex, IQ, musical environmentand musical achievement.By cluster sampling, 1682 children frome grade one to six of seven primary　schools in Tainan were chosen in this study. The instrument included Gordon's　"Tntermediate Measures of Music Audiation", researcher-designed　 "MusicalEnvironment Inventory"and "Musical Achievement Test",and all of them were pre-tested for validity and reliability using the method of reliability analysis,t-test, factor analysis and correlation analysis. Data were analyzed using the method of descriptive and inferential statistics, including　 t-test,　 ANOVA,　correlation analysis,and multiple stepwise regerssion.The results of this study showed that children musical aptitude had negative skewness and leptokurtic distribution, signifiant difference among different grades and between sex. In general, girl or higher grade children had higher musical aptitude.It developedrapidly during first to third grade,then became slow and stabilized during thirdto fourth grade. For children of first grade, there was no sex difference, butthe girl gradually outgrew the boy and became significant higher musical apti-titude till the grade of six. The trend of sex difference could be attributedto the different role expectation.For the other related factors,musical aptitudehad significant correlation with IQ,musical environment and musical achievement.The trend of higher IQ correlation in children of lower　 grades　 and　　higherenvironment correlation in children of high grades revealed early effects of instinct and gradually important environmental effect on musical aptitude. Among all the factors, musical achievement had the best correlation with musical aaptitude,and the total score of musical aptitude was found to be the best predictor of musical achievement in children especially combining with relatedfactors including age,sex,IQ and musical environment. A regional norm of child- ren musical aptitude was also set up in this study,and suggestions for educati-onal administration,teachers,parentsand future studies were proposed.

4 Summary Exploring the musical preferences in relation to other aspects of human life has a long tradition. The present work is focused on exploring musical preferences with regard to personal value system. The research was designed as mixed method using questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The research sample consisted of 18 pupils aged 16 years. An important part of the research was music questionnaire that tried to clarify those genres, that are not familiar to respondents. Results of the music questionnaire were used as the basis for selection of respondents according to the preferential groups and to compare these groups in relation to certain musical attitudes, home musical environment and above all value system. The overall results of the research point to a very slight tendency to group certain specifics of the respondents which prefer hip hop, metal and classical music. On the contrary, results show a demonstrable impact of home music environment in shaping musical preferences. The unexpected outcome of present study is finding that listeners using the music questionnaire rated more positive the same genre of music compared to rating genres only by their concepts about each genre. Key words Musical preferences, musical genre, value system, adolescents, home musical environment, mixed...