The theoretical part of the thesis discusses the key topics of researching musical talent. After an introductory chapter, which discusses giftedness in general, the focus turns to defining the basic concepts of musical giftedness, classifying musical abilities, and looking at the issue from historical perspective, and also the possibilities of identifying musical abilities and developing them further. The subsequent part explores the most important factors which influence musical talent: social environment, musical and personal factors. The empirical part is based on qualitative research of musicians with exceptional musical talent. Using case studies, it tries to show a specific form of musical talent and its individuality, as well as possible ways in which it can be manifested, thus complementing the findings of the theoretical part.