The central interest of this thesis is the nature of the transmission of musical knowledge, and its meaning and purpose to different societies and within different contemplations of life and beliefs. In my case, I will specifically refer to what I learnt from the fieldwork I carried out in Southern Italy (2004), in some South African contexts (2005), and in the village of Batuan (Bali, Indonesia; 2006, 2007). All such experiences will be put, so to say, in a 'dialogue' with each other in order to suggest a few considerations. The methodological tools employed to sustain my argument are Clifford Geertz's concept of thick description, and the audio-visual material collected throughout my fieldwork, which will further support my commentary. Using Clifford Geertz's approach, I suggest that in exploring the relationship between human beings and the various practices of 'music' existing, as well as their contents and aims, we need to look at music not as an isolated element on its own, as mostly conceived of in the West, but rather as an integral aspect of life itself. The facts and observations reported from my fieldwork show that what in the West is called music and music education can elsewhere be experienced and thought of in very dissimilar ways. In the village of Batuan, for example, music is not a special event, but an ingredient of the local community's life and its spirituality. The final ruminations will speculate on the fact that in the West the fragmentation through which life is understood, and that has destroyed the bond between life and the arts, is also reflected in the educational system. In modern Western societies, the detachment of arts from life has created a craving and a need for artistic exclusivity, which celebrates the individualistic rather than the communal, and aesthetics rather than spirituality, unlike Bali, for example. As a starting point, we are asked to ponder whether, and how, in the West we can still entertain the hope to reconcile such a fragmentation with a more holistic approach, where music becomes equal to the other daily activities taking place within our community.

The central interest of this thesis is the nature of the transmission of musical knowledge, and its meaning and purpose to different societies and within different contemplations of life and beliefs. In my case, I will specifically refer to what I learnt from the fieldwork I carried out in Southern Italy (2004), in some South African contexts (2005), and in the village of Batuan (Bali, Indonesia; 2006, 2007). All such experiences will be put, so to say, in a 'dialogue' with each other in order to suggest a few considerations. The methodological tools employed to sustain my argument are Clifford Geertz's concept of thick description, and the audio-visual material collected throughout my fieldwork, which will further support my commentary. Using Clifford Geertz's approach, I suggest that in exploring the relationship between human beings and the various practices of 'music' existing, as well as their contents and aims, we need to look at music not as an isolated element on its own, as mostly conceived of in the West, but rather as an integral aspect of life itself. The facts and observations reported from my fieldwork show that what in the West is called music and music education can elsewhere be experienced and thought of in very dissimilar ways. In the village of Batuan, for example, music is not a special event, but an ingredient of the local community's life and its spirituality. The final ruminations will speculate on the fact that in the West the fragmentation through which life is understood, and that has destroyed the bond between life and the arts, is also reflected in the educational system. In modern Western societies, the detachment of arts from life has created a craving and a need for artistic exclusivity, which celebrates the individualistic rather than the communal, and aesthetics rather than spirituality, unlike Bali, for example. As a starting point, we are asked to ponder whether, and how, in the West we can still entertain the hope to reconcile such a fragmentation with a more holistic approach, where music becomes equal to the other daily activities taking place within our community.

This research illustrates the performer-researcher's artistic process of reaching an understanding of music through performance, and explores how an effort to understand music at the instrument and in the context of music-making could influence our critical evaluation of the music. ​Engaged in the process of learning music, I seek to document my artistic practices as a reflective practitioner: to open up the performer-researcher's workspace, communicate the performativity of the music, and reveal my embodied doing-thinking as a performer. By involving in the performer-researcher's physical and intellectual trajectory, the focus of musicological research could be shifted from the study of music as writing to a practice-based study that communicates and values music as performance. ​This shift provides a chance to rethink musical works at the piano and place the music in a context in which music can be understood, communicated, and valued through performance. This has the potential to shed light on the performative value of music, and may challenge the existing critique of musical works by emphasising the centrality of musical performance in the realm of music research, perhaps revealing what has been neglected by the text and outcome-focused approaches to music. I believe this could lead us to assess musical works in a different value system by considering the music in and as performance.

Três bacharelandos de piano em momentos diferenciados da formação acadêmica - um iniciante, um de meio de curso e um formando – foram acompanhados ao longo de um semestre acadêmico com vistas a investigar como preparavam seus repertórios pianísticos em termos de mobilização de conhecimentos musicais. O método de pesquisa foi o estudo muliticasos, orientado pela perspectiva longitudinal de corte transversal. Quatro técnicas de pesquisas complementares foram empregadas: entrevista semi-estruturada, não-estruturada, de estimulação de recordação, assim como observação de vídeo. A mobilização de conhecimentos musicais foi interpretada a partir de estratégias utilizadas pelos bacharelandos para avançar a preparação do repertório. A noção de mobilização foi fundamentada a partir de Charlot e aprofundada pelos princípios aristotélicos entre meios e fins. As estratégias empregadas pelos bacharelandos foram estudadas à luz de dois modelos de conhecimento musical da literatura: matriz de habilidades cognitivas de Davidson e Scripp e formas de conhecimento musical de Elliot, assim como interpretadas a partir da base aristotélica de pensamento, em conjunto com a literatura específica de pesquisas em prática instrumental. A presente tese argumenta que a mobilização de conhecimentos musicais ocorre de maneira cíclica em aprofundamento qualitativamente diferenciado em termos de produção musical. As estratégias mobilizadas durante a preparação possuem natureza e finalidade distintas. Elas podem ser ações aprendidas ou criadas especificamente para o momento de preparação. Paralelamente, essas estratégias são empregadas para fins de disposições de investigação e de auto-regulação. Através de equilíbrio entre ações e atividades, e entre disposições de investigação e de auto-regulação, os conhecimentos musicais são mobilizados, avançando a preparação do repertório. / Three undergraduate piano students, in different moments of their academic education – a freshman, a sophomore and a senior – were followed during an academic semester in order to investigate how they mobilize their musical knowledge when preparing their repertoire. Multicase studies were used as research method, combining a longitudinal perspective in a transversal design. Four complementary research techniques were employed, namely, semistructure interview, non-structured interview, recall stimulated interview, and observation of the performance. The mobilization of music knowledge was interpreted from the strategies employed by the students in order to progress the repertoire preparation. The notion of mobilization was grounded on Charlot and deepened by the Aristotelian principles. The employed strategies by the undergraduate students were investigated through two musical knowledge models: matrix of cognitive skills from Davidson and Scripp, and the conception of musicianship and the five forms of musical knowledge by Elliot, as well as interpreted according to an Aristotelian basis and together with data from the specific literature of instrumental practice. The present thesis argues that the mobilization of musical knowledge take place in a cyclic manner in qualitatively deepening in terms of musical production. The mobilized strategies during practice are different in nature and in goal. They can figure as learned or creative actions specifically created for the moment of practice. Also, such strategies can be employed as survey and self-regulation tools. By means of balance between actions and activities, and between survey and self-regulation mechanisms, musical knowledge is mobilized, improving the repertoire preparation.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar perspectivas e impasses de mobilização de conhecimentos musicais em graduandos nas situações de colaboração pianística. Três bacharelandos em piano foram investigados em três diferentes modalidades de colaboração: instrumental, coral e vocal solo. A metodologia qualitativa se valeu do estudo de caso para a descrição dos dados, coletados através de entrevistas, registro de ensaios, aulas, exames institucionais e performances públicas. Os conceitos de Charlot (2000) sobre mobilização de conhecimentos e o modelo de Santos (2007) foram os fundamentos que nortearam a pesquisa. O modelo de Santos (2007) revelou-se passível de ser empregado no estudo, principalmente no que se refere às diferenças apontadas acerca do ciclo de investigação e de autorregulação, que se revelou distinto entre os participantes investigados. As perspectivas e impasses de mobilização de conhecimentos revelaram-se nas diferentes maneiras de perceber e abordar a atividade de colaboração com as quais os participantes estavam envolvidos, imbuídos tanto de suas crenças como de valores demonstrados. O estudo colocou em evidência dois fatores: (i) a influência que experiências prévias sistematizadas (ou seja, já aprendidas) e formas de interesse pessoal exercem nesta vertente de prática musical e (ii) a importância de se investigar o que já existe em termos de conhecimentos vivenciados (e sistematizados) nas experiências dos estudantes de graduação a fim de se buscar relacionar formas de conhecimento com maneiras de aprender. / The present work aimed to investigate perspectives and deadlocks of musical knowledge mobilization in undergraduate at pianistic collaboration situations. Three piano bachelors were investigated in three different types of collaboration: instrumental, choral and vocal solo. Qualitative methodology relied on case study for the data description, collected through interviews, rehearses registration, classes, institutional exams and performances. Charlot’s (2000) concepts about knowledge mobilization and Santos’ (2007) model were guide references of this research. Santos’ (2007) model proved to be capable of being employed in this study, mainly for the differences pointed out about research and self-regulation cycle, which proved to be distinct among the investigated participants. The knowledge mobilization perspectives and impasses was revealed at the different ways to understand and address the collaboration activity to which the participants were involved, imbued of their beliefs and stated values. The study showed two factors: (i) the influence exercised by former experiences (already learned) and personal interest in this aspect of musical practice and (ii) the importance of investigating what is already known in terms of experienced knowledge (systematized) of undergraduate students in order to relate forms of knowledge and ways of learning.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar perspectivas e impasses de mobilização de conhecimentos musicais em graduandos nas situações de colaboração pianística. Três bacharelandos em piano foram investigados em três diferentes modalidades de colaboração: instrumental, coral e vocal solo. A metodologia qualitativa se valeu do estudo de caso para a descrição dos dados, coletados através de entrevistas, registro de ensaios, aulas, exames institucionais e performances públicas. Os conceitos de Charlot (2000) sobre mobilização de conhecimentos e o modelo de Santos (2007) foram os fundamentos que nortearam a pesquisa. O modelo de Santos (2007) revelou-se passível de ser empregado no estudo, principalmente no que se refere às diferenças apontadas acerca do ciclo de investigação e de autorregulação, que se revelou distinto entre os participantes investigados. As perspectivas e impasses de mobilização de conhecimentos revelaram-se nas diferentes maneiras de perceber e abordar a atividade de colaboração com as quais os participantes estavam envolvidos, imbuídos tanto de suas crenças como de valores demonstrados. O estudo colocou em evidência dois fatores: (i) a influência que experiências prévias sistematizadas (ou seja, já aprendidas) e formas de interesse pessoal exercem nesta vertente de prática musical e (ii) a importância de se investigar o que já existe em termos de conhecimentos vivenciados (e sistematizados) nas experiências dos estudantes de graduação a fim de se buscar relacionar formas de conhecimento com maneiras de aprender. / The present work aimed to investigate perspectives and deadlocks of musical knowledge mobilization in undergraduate at pianistic collaboration situations. Three piano bachelors were investigated in three different types of collaboration: instrumental, choral and vocal solo. Qualitative methodology relied on case study for the data description, collected through interviews, rehearses registration, classes, institutional exams and performances. Charlot’s (2000) concepts about knowledge mobilization and Santos’ (2007) model were guide references of this research. Santos’ (2007) model proved to be capable of being employed in this study, mainly for the differences pointed out about research and self-regulation cycle, which proved to be distinct among the investigated participants. The knowledge mobilization perspectives and impasses was revealed at the different ways to understand and address the collaboration activity to which the participants were involved, imbued of their beliefs and stated values. The study showed two factors: (i) the influence exercised by former experiences (already learned) and personal interest in this aspect of musical practice and (ii) the importance of investigating what is already known in terms of experienced knowledge (systematized) of undergraduate students in order to relate forms of knowledge and ways of learning.

Três bacharelandos de piano em momentos diferenciados da formação acadêmica - um iniciante, um de meio de curso e um formando – foram acompanhados ao longo de um semestre acadêmico com vistas a investigar como preparavam seus repertórios pianísticos em termos de mobilização de conhecimentos musicais. O método de pesquisa foi o estudo muliticasos, orientado pela perspectiva longitudinal de corte transversal. Quatro técnicas de pesquisas complementares foram empregadas: entrevista semi-estruturada, não-estruturada, de estimulação de recordação, assim como observação de vídeo. A mobilização de conhecimentos musicais foi interpretada a partir de estratégias utilizadas pelos bacharelandos para avançar a preparação do repertório. A noção de mobilização foi fundamentada a partir de Charlot e aprofundada pelos princípios aristotélicos entre meios e fins. As estratégias empregadas pelos bacharelandos foram estudadas à luz de dois modelos de conhecimento musical da literatura: matriz de habilidades cognitivas de Davidson e Scripp e formas de conhecimento musical de Elliot, assim como interpretadas a partir da base aristotélica de pensamento, em conjunto com a literatura específica de pesquisas em prática instrumental. A presente tese argumenta que a mobilização de conhecimentos musicais ocorre de maneira cíclica em aprofundamento qualitativamente diferenciado em termos de produção musical. As estratégias mobilizadas durante a preparação possuem natureza e finalidade distintas. Elas podem ser ações aprendidas ou criadas especificamente para o momento de preparação. Paralelamente, essas estratégias são empregadas para fins de disposições de investigação e de auto-regulação. Através de equilíbrio entre ações e atividades, e entre disposições de investigação e de auto-regulação, os conhecimentos musicais são mobilizados, avançando a preparação do repertório. / Three undergraduate piano students, in different moments of their academic education – a freshman, a sophomore and a senior – were followed during an academic semester in order to investigate how they mobilize their musical knowledge when preparing their repertoire. Multicase studies were used as research method, combining a longitudinal perspective in a transversal design. Four complementary research techniques were employed, namely, semistructure interview, non-structured interview, recall stimulated interview, and observation of the performance. The mobilization of music knowledge was interpreted from the strategies employed by the students in order to progress the repertoire preparation. The notion of mobilization was grounded on Charlot and deepened by the Aristotelian principles. The employed strategies by the undergraduate students were investigated through two musical knowledge models: matrix of cognitive skills from Davidson and Scripp, and the conception of musicianship and the five forms of musical knowledge by Elliot, as well as interpreted according to an Aristotelian basis and together with data from the specific literature of instrumental practice. The present thesis argues that the mobilization of musical knowledge take place in a cyclic manner in qualitatively deepening in terms of musical production. The mobilized strategies during practice are different in nature and in goal. They can figure as learned or creative actions specifically created for the moment of practice. Also, such strategies can be employed as survey and self-regulation tools. By means of balance between actions and activities, and between survey and self-regulation mechanisms, musical knowledge is mobilized, improving the repertoire preparation.

nÃo hà / O presente trabalho busca refletir e compreender sobre as prÃticas pedagÃgicas no ensino de instrumentos de sopros/madeiras (flauta transversal, clarinete e saxofone) que ocorrem no Curso de MÃsica da Universidade Federal do Cariri â UFCA, na perspectiva do compartilhamento e da diversidade de saberes. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi realizada com os estudantes das turmas ingressantes em 2010, 2011, 2012 e 2013, utilizando como metodologia o paradigma interpretativo dentro do estudo de caso e a pesquisa-aÃÃo. Como coleta de dados foram utilizados registros audiovisuais, entrevistas, questionÃrios, diÃrio de campo e observaÃÃes. Utilizei como suporte teÃrico principalmente o conceito de interaÃÃo e de zona de desenvolvimento proximal â ZDP, de Vygotsky (1998); a ideia de Ecologia de Saberes, de Santos (2010); o modelo C(L)A(S)P, de Swanwick (1979); as ideias de SacristÃn (2008) sobre o currÃculo e a idÃia de reflexÃo sobre a prÃtica docente à luz de Freire (1996), para aprofundar a proposta de Aprendizagem Musical Compartilhada que entendo ocorrer neste contexto. Para subsidiar o trabalho, busquei ainda refletir sobre as propostas pedagÃgicas direcionadas para a prÃtica coletiva de instrumentos de sopros que atualmente ocorrem na EducaÃÃo Musical brasileira, buscando um aprofundamento de aprendizagem musical coletiva, tendo como base a literatura existente e minha trajetÃria formativa. Esta pesquisa me permitiu desvelar e aprofundar teoricamente a ideia de Aprendizagem Musical Compartilhada ampliada pela ecologia de saberes e pela zona de desenvolvimento proximal que emergiu do contexto pesquisado. Com isso, surgiram aÃÃes que mostraram aprendizagens mÃltiplas, dentre elas no instrumento musical, (flauta transversal, clarinete e saxofone), abrangendo o viÃs tÃcnico, criativo e musical, as quais sÃo derivadas das aÃÃes de compartilha de conhecimentos. Essas aprendizagens podem ser potencializadas pela intencionalidade docente de alcanÃar a compartilha de saberes. Esta pesquisa ainda me possibilitou um trÃnsito nos currÃculos formal, informal e nÃo formal, nos quais entendo ocorrer tais aprendizagens, os quais revelaram a compartilha musical e a construÃÃo da identidade docente nos estudantes envolvidos desde o ingresso na PrÃtica Instrumental. AlÃm disso, este estudo do contexto no qual estou inserido me proporcionou um novo olhar para a minha prÃtica pedagÃgica, para o desenvolvimento do Curso de MÃsica da UFCA e das abordagens utilizadas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem musical e ainda a compreensÃo do currÃculo que emerge da heterogeneidade de instrumentos, da ecologia de saberes e da Aprendizagem Musical Compartilhada. / This work aims to reflect and understand the pedagogical practices in the teaching of woodwind instruments (flute, clarinet and saxophone) which take place at the Music Course of Federal University of Cariri- UFCA, in the perspective of sharing information and diversity of knowledge. To this end, the survey was conducted with students from freshman classes of 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, using as methodology the interpretative paradigm within the case study and action research. As data collection I used audiovisual records, interviews, questionnaires, observation and field journal. I used as theoretical support mainly the concept of interaction and zone of proximal development- ZPD, of Vygotsky (1998); the idea of Ecology of Knowledge, of Santos (2010); and the model C(L)A(S)P, of Swanwick (1979). I also used the ideas of SacristÃn (2008) about the curriculum and the idea of reflection on teaching practice in the view of Freire (1996), to deepen the proposition of Shared Musical Learning which I understand as occurring in this context. To support the work, I sought further reflection on pedagogical proposals aimed at the collective practice of woodwind instruments, which occur nowadays in Brazilian Musical Education, searching a deepening of collective musical learning, based on the existing literature and my own formation. This research allowed me to unveil and deepen theoretically the concept of Shared Musical Learning expanded by the ecology of knowledge and the zone of proximal development, which emerged from the researched context. Thus, actions came to light showing multiple learnings, and among them the musical instrument, (flute, clarinet and saxophone), covering the technical, creative and musical bias, which are derived from actions of knowledge sharing. These learnings can be potentiated by the intentionality of the teacher to achieve knowledge sharing. This research also allowed me to transit through formal, informal and non-formal curricula, in which I understand to occur such learnings, which revealed musical sharing and the construction of teaching identity in the students involved since the admission in the Instrumental Practice. Furthermore, this study of the context in which I am inserted, gave me a new perspective towards my pedagogical practice, towards the development of the Music Course of UFCA and the approaches used in the musical learning and teaching processes. Also, it gave a new perspective towards the comprehension of the curriculum which emerges from the heterogeneity of instruments, the ecology of knowledge and the Shared Musical Learning.

Três bacharelandos de piano em momentos diferenciados da formação acadêmica - um iniciante, um de meio de curso e um formando – foram acompanhados ao longo de um semestre acadêmico com vistas a investigar como preparavam seus repertórios pianísticos em termos de mobilização de conhecimentos musicais. O método de pesquisa foi o estudo muliticasos, orientado pela perspectiva longitudinal de corte transversal. Quatro técnicas de pesquisas complementares foram empregadas: entrevista semi-estruturada, não-estruturada, de estimulação de recordação, assim como observação de vídeo. A mobilização de conhecimentos musicais foi interpretada a partir de estratégias utilizadas pelos bacharelandos para avançar a preparação do repertório. A noção de mobilização foi fundamentada a partir de Charlot e aprofundada pelos princípios aristotélicos entre meios e fins. As estratégias empregadas pelos bacharelandos foram estudadas à luz de dois modelos de conhecimento musical da literatura: matriz de habilidades cognitivas de Davidson e Scripp e formas de conhecimento musical de Elliot, assim como interpretadas a partir da base aristotélica de pensamento, em conjunto com a literatura específica de pesquisas em prática instrumental. A presente tese argumenta que a mobilização de conhecimentos musicais ocorre de maneira cíclica em aprofundamento qualitativamente diferenciado em termos de produção musical. As estratégias mobilizadas durante a preparação possuem natureza e finalidade distintas. Elas podem ser ações aprendidas ou criadas especificamente para o momento de preparação. Paralelamente, essas estratégias são empregadas para fins de disposições de investigação e de auto-regulação. Através de equilíbrio entre ações e atividades, e entre disposições de investigação e de auto-regulação, os conhecimentos musicais são mobilizados, avançando a preparação do repertório. / Three undergraduate piano students, in different moments of their academic education – a freshman, a sophomore and a senior – were followed during an academic semester in order to investigate how they mobilize their musical knowledge when preparing their repertoire. Multicase studies were used as research method, combining a longitudinal perspective in a transversal design. Four complementary research techniques were employed, namely, semistructure interview, non-structured interview, recall stimulated interview, and observation of the performance. The mobilization of music knowledge was interpreted from the strategies employed by the students in order to progress the repertoire preparation. The notion of mobilization was grounded on Charlot and deepened by the Aristotelian principles. The employed strategies by the undergraduate students were investigated through two musical knowledge models: matrix of cognitive skills from Davidson and Scripp, and the conception of musicianship and the five forms of musical knowledge by Elliot, as well as interpreted according to an Aristotelian basis and together with data from the specific literature of instrumental practice. The present thesis argues that the mobilization of musical knowledge take place in a cyclic manner in qualitatively deepening in terms of musical production. The mobilized strategies during practice are different in nature and in goal. They can figure as learned or creative actions specifically created for the moment of practice. Also, such strategies can be employed as survey and self-regulation tools. By means of balance between actions and activities, and between survey and self-regulation mechanisms, musical knowledge is mobilized, improving the repertoire preparation.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar perspectivas e impasses de mobilização de conhecimentos musicais em graduandos nas situações de colaboração pianística. Três bacharelandos em piano foram investigados em três diferentes modalidades de colaboração: instrumental, coral e vocal solo. A metodologia qualitativa se valeu do estudo de caso para a descrição dos dados, coletados através de entrevistas, registro de ensaios, aulas, exames institucionais e performances públicas. Os conceitos de Charlot (2000) sobre mobilização de conhecimentos e o modelo de Santos (2007) foram os fundamentos que nortearam a pesquisa. O modelo de Santos (2007) revelou-se passível de ser empregado no estudo, principalmente no que se refere às diferenças apontadas acerca do ciclo de investigação e de autorregulação, que se revelou distinto entre os participantes investigados. As perspectivas e impasses de mobilização de conhecimentos revelaram-se nas diferentes maneiras de perceber e abordar a atividade de colaboração com as quais os participantes estavam envolvidos, imbuídos tanto de suas crenças como de valores demonstrados. O estudo colocou em evidência dois fatores: (i) a influência que experiências prévias sistematizadas (ou seja, já aprendidas) e formas de interesse pessoal exercem nesta vertente de prática musical e (ii) a importância de se investigar o que já existe em termos de conhecimentos vivenciados (e sistematizados) nas experiências dos estudantes de graduação a fim de se buscar relacionar formas de conhecimento com maneiras de aprender. / The present work aimed to investigate perspectives and deadlocks of musical knowledge mobilization in undergraduate at pianistic collaboration situations. Three piano bachelors were investigated in three different types of collaboration: instrumental, choral and vocal solo. Qualitative methodology relied on case study for the data description, collected through interviews, rehearses registration, classes, institutional exams and performances. Charlot’s (2000) concepts about knowledge mobilization and Santos’ (2007) model were guide references of this research. Santos’ (2007) model proved to be capable of being employed in this study, mainly for the differences pointed out about research and self-regulation cycle, which proved to be distinct among the investigated participants. The knowledge mobilization perspectives and impasses was revealed at the different ways to understand and address the collaboration activity to which the participants were involved, imbued of their beliefs and stated values. The study showed two factors: (i) the influence exercised by former experiences (already learned) and personal interest in this aspect of musical practice and (ii) the importance of investigating what is already known in terms of experienced knowledge (systematized) of undergraduate students in order to relate forms of knowledge and ways of learning.