L’utilisation de bactéries lactiques (BL), telle que Lactococcus lactis (LL), comme vecteur de transfert d’ADN, constitue une stratégie prometteuse dans la mesure où elles sont considérées sans risque pour la santé. Des souches sauvages (wt) ou recombinantes de LL ont été décrites comme capables de transférer un plasmide dans des cellules épithéliales in vitro et in vivo. Cependant, les mécanismes d'action grâce auxquels certaines souches de LL ont la capacité de transférer de l’ADN plasmidique sont toujours inconnus. C’est pourquoi, nous avons décidé de construire une nouvelle souche recombinante de LL exprimant l’internaline mutée (mlnlA,) à partir de la souche pathogène Listeria monocytogenes, de manière à comprendre par quel procédé l’ADN est transféré à des cellules eucaryotes. Nous avons détecté l’expression de mInIA par FACS et montré que la souche LLmInIA était plus invasive que la souche sauvage wt après co-incubation avec des cellules épithéliales intestinales (IECs) non confluentes ou polarisées. La microscopie confocale confirme ces propriétés d’invasivité de la souche LL-mLnLA capable de transférer plus efficacement le vecteur d’expression eucaryote codant pour l’allergène de la β-lactoglobuline, pValac :BLG, in vitro dans des IECs et dans des cellules dendritiques (DCs). La souche LL-mInIA a aussi la capacité de transférer le vecteur pValac:BLG à des DCs à travers une monocouche de IECs différenciées. Des essais in vivo montrent que des bactéries invasives du genre Lactococcus ont tendance à augmenter l’expression de BLG chez la souris. De plus, il est montré qu’une souche non invasive de LL, ou la souche invasive LL-mInIA, stimulent la sécrétion de la cytokine pro-inflammatoire IL-12 dans des DCs, et que, in vivo, après des essais d’immunisation oraux ou intra nasaux, la souche LL non invasive oriente la réponse immunitaire plutôt vers le type 1, alors que la souche LL invasive génère une réponse de type 2 chez des animaux immunisés. Tous ces résultats apportent un nouvel éclairage sur le mécanisme d’assimilation des lactocoques en tant que vecteurs de transfert de molécules actives. / The use of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), such as Lactococcus lactis (LL), as DNA delivery vehicles represents an interesting strategy as they are regarded as safe. Wild type (wt) LL or recombinant invasive LL, were able to trigger DNA expression by epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, important information about how LL can transfer DNA plasmids is still missing. Therefore, we decided to construct a new recombinant invasive LL strain expressing mutated Internalin A (mInlA) from the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes to understand the manner by which the DNA is transferred to mammalian cells. mInlA expression was detected by FACS analysis and LL-mInlA strain showed to be more invasive than the wt strain after co-incubation assays with non-confluent or polarized intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Confocal microscopy confirmed the invasive status of LL-mInlA which demonstrated to deliver more efficiently the eukaryotic expression vector coding the allergen β-lactoglobulin, pValac:BLG, in vitro to IECs and to dendritic cells (DCs). LL-mInlA was also capable to transfer pValac:BLG to DCs across a monolayer of differentiated IECs. In vivo, invasive lactococci tended to increase the number of mice expressing BLG. Moreover, noninvasive or invasive LL-mInlA stimulated the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12 in DCs and, in vivo, after oral or intranasal immunization trials, non-invasive LL polarized the immune response more in the type 1 direction while invasive LL generated a Th2-type response in immunized animals. All these data gives new insights on the mechanism of lactococci uptake for delivery of therapeutics.

The use of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), such as Lactococcus lactis (LL), as DNA delivery vehicles represents an interesting strategy as they are regarded as safe. Wild type (wt) LL or recombinant invasive LL, were able to trigger DNA expression by epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, important information about how LL can transfer DNA plasmids is still missing. Therefore, we decided to construct a new recombinant invasive LL strain expressing mutated Internalin A (mInlA) from the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes to understand the manner by which the DNA is transferred to mammalian cells. mInlA expression was detected by FACS analysis and LL-mInlA strain showed to be more invasive than the wt strain after co-incubation assays with non-confluent or polarized intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Confocal microscopy confirmed the invasive status of LL-mInlA which demonstrated to deliver more efficiently the eukaryotic expression vector coding the allergen β-lactoglobulin, pValac:BLG, in vitro to IECs and to dendritic cells (DCs). LL-mInlA was also capable to transfer pValac:BLG to DCs across a monolayer of differentiated IECs. In vivo, invasive lactococci tended to increase the number of mice expressing BLG. Moreover, noninvasive or invasive LL-mInlA stimulated the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12 in DCs and, in vivo, after oral or intranasal immunization trials, non-invasive LL polarized the immune response more in the type 1 direction while invasive LL generated a Th2-type response in immunized animals. All these data gives new insights on the mechanism of lactococci uptake for delivery of therapeutics.