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1	Characterization of Tolerance and Cross-tolerance between Noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Antagonists in Rats Trained to Self-administer Ketamine Ward, Amie S. (Amie Sue) 12 1900 (has links) Ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP) are noncompetitive antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type of ligand-gated glutamate receptors. Both agents have high abuse liability, and may produce dependence. Tolerance to the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse is widely regarded as a key component of the dependence process. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine whether tolerance develops to the reinforcing effects of ketamine, and whether PCP and dizocilpine, a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist with negligible abuse liability, produce cross-tolerance to the reinforcing effects of ketamine. Further, identification of the neural mechanisms that underlie tolerance to the reinforcing effects of drugs may yield information regarding drug dependence. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists tolerance cross-tolerance ketamine Drug tolerance. Methyl aspartate -- Antagonists. Ketamine. Phencyclidine.
2	N-Methyl-D-Aspartat-Antagonisten induzierten apoptotische Zelluntergänge im Gehirn junger Ratten Miksa, Michael 06 April 2004 (has links) Der wichtigste exzitatorische Neurotransmitter Glutamat spielt eine grosse Rolle in der Gehirnentwicklung, wie neuronale Migration und Synaptogenese. Ob glutamaterge Stimulation für das Überleben entwickelnder Neuronen notwendig ist, war bislang jedoch unbekannt. Um zu untersuchen, ob eine Hemmung von Glutamatrezeptoren im unreifen Gehirn zu Neurodegeneration führt, wurden Ratten im Alter von 1 bis 31 Tagen für 24 Stunden mit dem N-Methyl-D-Aspartat-(NMDA) Glutamatrezeptorantagonisten Dizocilpin (MK801) behandelt. Die Dichte neuronaler Degeneration wurde mikroskopisch in Kupfer-Silber- und TUNEL- gefärbten Hirnschnittpräparaten ermittelt und Unterschiede mittels ANOVA analysiert (Signifikanzniveau p / The predominant excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate plays a major role in certain aspects of neural development. However, whether developing neurons depend on glutamate for survival remains unknown. To investigate if deprivation of glutamate stimulation in the immature mammalian brain causes neuronal cell death (apoptosis), rat pups aged 0 to 30 days were treated for 24 hours with dizocilpine maleate (MK801), an N-methyl-D-aspartate-(NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist. Density of neural degeneration was evaluated by a stereological dissector method in cupric-silver and TUNEL-stained brain slices. Groups were compared by ANOVA and significance considered at p Apoptose Tier/Ratten Neuronalale Degeneration Apoptosis Animal/Rats Dizocilpine Maleate (MK801)/pharmacology Nerve Degeneration Neurons/cytology/drug effects/metabolism Receptors 610 Medizin 33 Medizin WC 6570 YG 3900 WW 4120 YG 4300 ddc:610

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Characterization of Tolerance and Cross-tolerance between Noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Antagonists in Rats Trained to Self-administer Ketamine

N-Methyl-D-Aspartat-Antagonisten induzierten apoptotische Zelluntergänge im Gehirn junger Ratten