Pervaporation separation of aqueous ethanol solution has, for the first time ever, been investigated with natural rubber latex (NRL) base membranes which contained a hydrocolloid as a blend ingredient. Three different hydrocolloids viz. methyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose (sodium salt) and alginic acid (sodium salt) of low or medium or high molecular mass were used and tested. The weight percent of a hydrocolloid in the blended layer of a membrane has been varied from 1.25 to 20 on a dry rubber basis. The composition of ethanol in the aqueous feed solution was varied within the range of 5 to 96 weight percent of ethanol. The temperature of operation was fixed in the range of 20 °C to 75°C. Fourier Transform Infrared / Attenuated Total Reflectance (FT-IR/ ATR) spectra and Scanning Electron (SE) micrographs have been used to study the distribution of hydrocolloids within the membrane. Morphological features of the cross section of a blended layer have been used to develop a probable mechanism of water transfer through the membrane. Water selectivity has been found to depend on the type, the molecular mass and the weight percent of the hydrocolloid used in the membrane. Both FT-IR/ATR and SEM techniques have proved that a high molecular mass hydrocolloid distributes itself uniformly throughout the membrane. Both techniques have, independently, shown that a low molecular mass hydrocolloid will be situated at or near the top surface of the membrane. A very strong link between a good distribution of the polymer bridged clusters of rubber particles within the membrane and the maximum increase in water selectivity has been established. For the first time ever, artificial neural networks have been used for the modelling and prediction of the pervaporation separation performance of NRL base membranes. Quantitative data about the distribution of hydrocolloids within the membranes was needed in order to train the neural net models. The correlation coefficients and rms errors between the predicted and experimental results were found to be greater than 0.89 and less than 0.086 respectively.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-01-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cabrera_fc_me_bauru.pdf: 4656699 bytes, checksum: a5fecfc7e09b6d60f2c221aa0d2cd019 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste trabalho, desenvolvido junto ao Grupo de Pesquisa em Novos Materiais e Aplicações, do Departamento de Física, Química e Biologia, da Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia FCT/UNESP Campus de Presidente Prudente, propomos realizar a investigação da fabricação de membranas de borracha a partir do látex extraído de árvores do gênero Hevea brasiliensis (clone RRIM 600 - Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia). As membranas são preparadas através da técnica de casting e utilizadas como substratos ativos (agente redutor e estabilizador) nas sínteses de nanopartículas (NPs) metálicas, pelo método de redução in situ, por meio de solução aquosa de cloreto de ouro (AuCl3), de modo que as nanopartículas sejam incorporadas tanto na superfície quanto no volume das membranas. Como objetivo principal propõe-se obter informações relevantes sobre os compostos ligados às membranas de borracha natural aos quais se atribuí a responsabilidade pela redução e estabilização das nanopartículas. Os resultados demonstram que a síntese de nanopartículas pode ser desenvolvida, com tamanhos médios por volta de 48 nm, incorporando-as como agregados na superfície das membranas de borracha natural. A redução das nanopartículas de ouro foi atribuída principalmente a componentes protéicos presentes na Fase Soro do látex. Os compósitos obtidos apresentam boa estabilidade térmica e foram utilizados, como aplicação, na construção de substratos flexíveis para a análise química por meio de espectroscopia micro-Raman analisando o efeito Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) e Surface Enhanced Ressonance Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS) e Surface Enhanced Ressonance Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS) / In this work, developed together the Research Group of New Materials and Applications, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology from Faculty of Science and Technology FCT/UNESP in Presidente Prudente, proposes to conduct research the manufacture of rubber membranes from natural latex extracted from trees from Hevea brasiliensis (clone RRIM 600 - Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia). This membranes were prepared by casting technique and used as active substrates (both reducing and stabilizer agent) in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) by in situ reduction method, using gold chloride (AuCl3) aqueous solution, so that the nanoparticles are incorporated both on surface and embebbed into the membrances. The main objective is obtaining relevant information on the compounds of the natural rubber membrances which assigns responsability for the reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. The results obtained demonstrate that the synthesis of nanoparticles achieved, with average sizes around 48 nm, incorporated on the surface of natural rubber membranes. The reduction of gold nanoparticles is attributed mainly to the protein components present in the serum phase of the latex. The composites showing good thermal stability and were used, as application, in the construction of flexible substrate for chemical analysis using micro-Raman spectroscopy evaluated the Surface Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) and Surface Enhanced Ressonance Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS) effects

No description available.

Orientador: Aldo Eloizo Job / Banca: Ricardo Flávio Aroca / Banca: Valtencir Zucolotto / O Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem carater institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi / Resumo: Neste trabalho, desenvolvido junto ao Grupo de Pesquisa em Novos Materiais e Aplicações, do Departamento de Física, Química e Biologia, da Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia FCT/UNESP Campus de Presidente Prudente, propomos realizar a investigação da fabricação de membranas de borracha a partir do látex extraído de árvores do gênero Hevea brasiliensis (clone RRIM 600 - Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia). As membranas são preparadas através da técnica de casting e utilizadas como substratos ativos (agente redutor e estabilizador) nas sínteses de nanopartículas (NPs) metálicas, pelo método de redução in situ, por meio de solução aquosa de cloreto de ouro (AuCl3), de modo que as nanopartículas sejam incorporadas tanto na superfície quanto no volume das membranas. Como objetivo principal propõe-se obter informações relevantes sobre os compostos ligados às membranas de borracha natural aos quais se atribuí a responsabilidade pela redução e estabilização das nanopartículas. Os resultados demonstram que a síntese de nanopartículas pode ser desenvolvida, com tamanhos médios por volta de 48 nm, incorporando-as como agregados na superfície das membranas de borracha natural. A redução das nanopartículas de ouro foi atribuída principalmente a componentes protéicos presentes na Fase Soro do látex. Os compósitos obtidos apresentam boa estabilidade térmica e foram utilizados, como aplicação, na construção de substratos flexíveis para a análise química por meio de espectroscopia micro-Raman analisando o efeito Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) e Surface Enhanced Ressonance Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS) e Surface Enhanced Ressonance Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS) / Abstract: In this work, developed together the Research Group of New Materials and Applications, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology from Faculty of Science and Technology FCT/UNESP in Presidente Prudente, proposes to conduct research the manufacture of rubber membranes from natural latex extracted from trees from Hevea brasiliensis (clone RRIM 600 - Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia). This membranes were prepared by casting technique and used as active substrates (both reducing and stabilizer agent) in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) by in situ reduction method, using gold chloride (AuCl3) aqueous solution, so that the nanoparticles are incorporated both on surface and embebbed into the membrances. The main objective is obtaining relevant information on the compounds of the natural rubber membrances which assigns responsability for the reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. The results obtained demonstrate that the synthesis of nanoparticles achieved, with average sizes around 48 nm, incorporated on the surface of natural rubber membranes. The reduction of gold nanoparticles is attributed mainly to the protein components present in the serum phase of the latex. The composites showing good thermal stability and were used, as application, in the construction of flexible substrate for chemical analysis using micro-Raman spectroscopy evaluated the Surface Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) and Surface Enhanced Ressonance Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS) effects / Mestre

One of the prominent features of the Natural Rubber (NR) market is its price variability, and the aim of this study is to project accurate short-term NR prices. This is accomplished by exploiting the use of forecasting techniques and information sets to seek the combination with the best forecasts, and exploring best ways of combining forecasts. We evaluate the relative performance of 19 models based upon three different forecasting techniques, and four information sets. In addition, we compare their forecasts with 13 other forecasts combined in various different ways, and taking the Naive forecast as benchmark. The generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity regression (or ARCH-type) models, though more complex, are generally better than the simpler regression models. In general, the performance of the various techniques seems to perform consistently well (or poorly) over the forecasting horizons, with alternations in performance due mainly to the type of information set used. We also adopted a simple trading rule to find out the economic values of our forecasts, and the results are most promising. Importantly, the forecasts generated from the alternative models developed in this study can potentially be beneficial to participants in the NR futures market.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:37:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 02037.pdf: 3257325 bytes, checksum: 6f7184b35c6dddcd40410864962f58fe (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:37:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 02037.pdf: 3257325 bytes, checksum: 6f7184b35c6dddcd40410864962f58fe (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 agostini_dls_me_bauru.pdf: 3608842 bytes, checksum: 9f88482e6ed9f6d122b753891fe26c0a (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As membranas de borracha natural são usadas frequentemente como material biológico na indução de angiogênese e neoformação. Neste trabalho foram realizados estudos com objetivo de identificar os componentes do látex que são responsáveis pelo processo de angiogênese e neoformação. O látex, as fases centrifugadas do látex e as membranas da borracha natural, tratados termicamente em 60, 85 e 120ºC, foram liofilizados para a redução de água nos mesmos. A caracterização de tais materiais foi realizada por espectroscopia infravermelha (FTIR), micro-Raman, ressonância magnética nuclear (NMR - 1H e 13C), difração de raio x (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (AFM), análise do termogravimétrica (TG) acoplado com infravermelho (TG/FT-IR), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), análise dinâmico mecânica (DMA) e o método de Bradford. Nos resultados de espectroscopia no infravermelho, micro de Raman, NMR (1H e 13C), de raios x e TG/FT-IR; os componentes químicos do látex, das fases centrifugadas do látex e das membranas da borracha natural foram identificados. A técnica de TG foi utilizada para avaliar a estabilidade térmica e os resultados mostraram que as membranas obtidas a 60ºC possuem maior estabilidade. Nos resultados de DSC notou-se que a transição vítrea acontece em ~ -68ºC, para todos os materiais que contêm isopreno e a degradação estrutural ocorrem em torno de 376ºC. As transições de vítreas foram confirmadas através dos resultados de DMA. O látex centrifugado apresenta três fases: partículas de borracha (F1), lutóides (F2) e Frey-Wyssling (F3). Nas frações F2 e F3 o isopreno é ausente, ou apresenta pequena proporção, mas contêm diversos componentes químicos: proteínas, ácidos aminados e grupos funcionais que podem induzir o angiogênese e a neoformação em tecidos biológicos... / Natural latex and natural rubber membranes are frequently used as biomaterial in the angiogenesis induction and neoformation of biological tissues. Our studies aimed to study and identify the latex components that are responsible for angiogenesis and neoformation processes. The natural latex, the centrifuged latex phases and the natural rubber membranes were thermally treated at 60, 85 and 120ºC and afterward all samples were lyophilized. The characterization of such materials were carried out using infrared (FT-IR), micro Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR - 1H e 13C), X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetry analysis coupled with infrared (TG/FT-IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and the method of Bradford. From the results of infrared and micro Raman spectroscopy, NMR (1H e 13C), X-rays and TG/FT-IR the chemical components present in the latex, in the centrifuged latex phases and in natural rubber membranes were identified. TG technique was used to evaluate the thermal stability and results showed that membranes obtained at 60ºC present greater stability, up to 350ºC. From DSC results it was found that the glass transition happens at –68ºC, for all materials containing isoprene, and the structural degradation occurs at 376ºC. Glass transitions were confirmed also by DMA results. Centrifuged latex presents three phases: rubber particles (F1), lutoids (F2) and Frey-Wyssling (F3). In the fractions F2 and F3 the isoprene is absent but they contain several chemical components: proteins, amino acids and functional groups that can induce angiogenesis and neoformation on biological tissues. The treated membrane 60ºC of natural rubber showed the highest angiogenesis and neoformation activities. Furthermore, membranes containing pores favor the cicatrization process and the vascularization processes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:37:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 05381.pdf: 5329504 bytes, checksum: c318444feb48e0e30c208b55d7e2217d (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP