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The diploma thesis titled "Quality assessment by non-destructive technologies" is focused at evaluation degradation qualities of welded components, which are material heterogeneous. Welded samples are made for experimental measuring by CMT method and their degradation qualities are measured by the acoustic emission during the corrosion process and tensile straining. The theoretical part is aimed at on basic division most used method NDT, the main stress is on AE. Te final part is focused on corrosion engineering, especially on problematic galvanic corrosion, which is important in case of interaction of homogenous materials. Material samples which were used are mentioned at the beginning of experimental part. Then the thesis is dedicated to summary of methods used during the measurement. The next chapter provides courses and exp. results of observations and measurements using AE. Courses and exp. results of observations and measurements using AE are in the last chapter.

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The study of mechanical properties of perpendicular to the grain research is important regarding connections within mass paneling and other wood connections. Research on wood properties perpendicular to grain and the effect of decay on this direction is needed. Brown-rot fungi are a major contributor in having to replace or repair wooden members; therefore, the objectives of this study were to study the effect brown-rot decay has on the mechanical properties of perpendicular to the grain over different periods of exposure; and to evaluate the efficacy of various methods on assessing decay on wood. The methods evaluated in this study were mass loss (ML), moisture content (MC), density, time of flight, modulus of elasticity in tension (ET) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). In this study, low mean values of ML occurred but due to fungal activity, MC of specimens were highly affected. Among all methods tested, time of flight showed the highest significant correlations with ET and UTS. Neither initial or final time of flight correlated with MC, concluding NDT was the most consistent method in identifying early decay on mechanical properties of wood.

<p>The group for non-destructive testing at Uppsala University has recently implemented the phase shift migration method, which is a method to focus images acquired unfocused using ultrasound. However, their work has been limited to 2D data, while for many applications the gathered data is 3D. This project has extended the old implementation to 3D data. The new implementation has been done in two different ways, giving one algorithm that works fast but needs much RAM, and one algorithm that takes long time but works on smaller computers, not demanding as much memory. The fast algorithm works faster than the time it takes to acquire the raw data, which makes real-time use realistic. To test the performance of the two algorithms with respect to image improvement, both against each other and against the previous 2D implementation, a number of experiments were carried out, which showed that, apart from processing time, the two new algorithms were equal in performance. The experiments also showed that the obtained resolution in both x- and y-directions matched the theoretical discussion.</p>

The group for non-destructive testing at Uppsala University has recently implemented the phase shift migration method, which is a method to focus images acquired unfocused using ultrasound. However, their work has been limited to 2D data, while for many applications the gathered data is 3D. This project has extended the old implementation to 3D data. The new implementation has been done in two different ways, giving one algorithm that works fast but needs much RAM, and one algorithm that takes long time but works on smaller computers, not demanding as much memory. The fast algorithm works faster than the time it takes to acquire the raw data, which makes real-time use realistic. To test the performance of the two algorithms with respect to image improvement, both against each other and against the previous 2D implementation, a number of experiments were carried out, which showed that, apart from processing time, the two new algorithms were equal in performance. The experiments also showed that the obtained resolution in both x- and y-directions matched the theoretical discussion.

The detection of corrosion in pipes is of major importance to the oil and chemical industries. Current methods involving point-by-point inspection are available for the detection of general wall loss associated with corrosion, but unfortunately the current methods tend to be very slow, limited to single positions, thus make the inspection of the kilometers of pipeline typically found in industrial plants virtually impossible. Ultrasonic guided waves provide an attractive solution to this problem because they can be excited at one location on the pipe and will propagate many meters along the pipe, returning echoes indicating the presence of corrosion or other pipe features. Nevertheless such techniques still have many practical difficulties in application due to the complex characteristics of guided waves such as dispersion and mode conversion. This thesis studies guided waves influenced by the welded supports, a.k.a. pipe shoe. A research of the reflection of mode-converted guided waves from pipe shoes on pipes in the frequency range 18-32 kHz has been carried out. Measurements are made on a 6 inch bore diameter, 7.1mm wall thickness pipe. The axisymmetric symmetric T(0,1) mode is incident on the pipe shoes and the mode-converted guided waves are received in reflection. In parallel, a finite element model is used to simulate the experiments by using Ansys. Received signals are separated into single-mode with a mode extraction technique. This research reveals that when T(0,1) propagates through the pipe shoe, the energy of T(0,1) passes into the pipe shoe. The leakage phenomenon results in the complexity and misinterpretation of the echo.

The ability to determine wood quality using non-destructive tests has enormous potential for the forestry industry in both research and commercial applications. This thesis describes some of the theory of acoustic waves in wood and how wood stiffness can be estimated by measuring the velocity of acoustic waves. Attention is paid to both resonance and stress wave timer technologies and the benefits and problems with both. A detailed description is given of the design of a new tool (Treetap 5.0) to aid in future, acoustic based, timber inspection research.

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