plan A / Pacific Islands Studies

Bibliography: leaves 359-381 / xi, 381 leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1985

Bibliography: leaves 418-425 / vii, 425 leaves, [3] folded leaves : maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1985

Bibliography : leaves 302-311 / 311 leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anthropology, 1992

Bibliography: leaves 417-424 / xix, 424 leaves : ill ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anthropology, 1986

This thesis describes the features of the phonology, morphology and syntax of Oksapmin, a Papuan (Non-Austronesian) language of Papua New Guinea. Oksapmin is spoken by around 8000 people, most of whom reside in the Tekin valley in Sandaun Province. The analysis in this thesis is based on the study of data from both elicitation and text collection undertaken on two field trips between 2004 and 2006: from May to October 2004, and from October 2005 to January 2006. / A general introduction is provided in Chapter 1, phonology, phonotactics and morphophonology are discussed in Chapter 2, word classes in Chapter 3, demonstratives in Chapter 4, nouns in Chapter 5, postpositions in Chapter 6, noun phrase syntax in Chapter 7, verbs in Chapter 8, coverbs in Chapter 9, clausal syntax in Chapter 10, phrasal clitics in Chapter 11, and clause combining in Chapter 12. Four sample texts are provided as appendices. Sound files are provided on the accompanying CD for many of the examples scattered throughout the thesis, as well as for all the texts in the appendices. / The most interesting and important grammatical subsystem in Oksapmin is the evidential one, which permeates various areas of the grammar. Without proper knowledge of this system, one cannot make a single grammatical sentence in the language. Recall that evidentiality is, roughly speaking, when a speaker marks how he or she came about the knowledge on which a given utterance is based. Evidentiality in Oksapmin is indicated with past tense verbal inflection, with enclitics, and with a number of other constructions. The evidential system is typologically unusual in that the primary contrast it marks is participatory/factual versus visual/sensory evidence; this distinction is made in the verbal inflection. Participatory/factual evidentials are not widely attested cross-linguistically, and those systems that do exist have been largely ignored in the typological literature. / Some of the other areas of grammar discussed in this thesis include prenasalised consonants with nasal allophones, noun phrases with a complex syntactic structure, a range of demonstratives which distinguish for elevation, a large vocabulary of kin terms including a set of dyadic kin terms, extensive use of complex predicates consisting of a light verb plus a coverb, and a variety of clause combining strategies including clause chaining.

[Truncated abstract] Malaria is the most important parasitic disease of man. Of the five species known to infect humans, Plasmodium falciparum causes most deaths and illness, especially when it affects children and pregnant women living in highly endemic areas of the rural tropics. Pharmacological therapies for malaria must be optimised for these groups and must be practical for administration in critically ill patients in remote settings. The clinical studies in this thesis evaluated the clinical pharmacology of modern antimalarial treatments in a Melanesian population exposed to highly endemic malaria. The clinical studies were conducted between March 2001 and June 2007, with final data analysis completed by mid-2008. They aimed to evaluate key pharmacokinetic, parasitological, host genetic and socio-cultural determinants of treatment effectiveness in children with uncomplicated and severe malaria and in pregnant women. A multi-centre study of children with uncomplicated malaria evaluated the efficacy of four treatment regimens, including three artemisinin combination treatments. PCR corrected recrudescence rates by day 42 were 81.5%, 85.4%, 88.0% and 95.2% for chloroquine + sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, artesunate + sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL), respectively. Determinants of efficacy in the DHA-PQ group included day 7 piperaquine (PQ) levels and baseline parasitaemia. Therefore, the worse than expected efficacy in this group may have been partly due to the high parasitaemias commonly seen in this population. ... Preliminary data suggested a protective effect of the erythrocyte polymorphism caused by the glycophorin C mutation against cerebral malaria. These studies also evaluated key pharmacokinetic, host genetic and socio-cultural determinants of the likely effectiveness of a novel pharmaceutical approach using artesunate suppositories for severe malaria. These demonstrated favourable absorption characteristics, clinical efficacy, safety and patient/community acceptability. Contrary to previous data, no evidence was found to suggest that the pharmacokinetic profiles or efficacy of artemisinin derivatives are likely to be compromised by a high prevalence of thalassaemia in this population. However, their highly variable bioavailability raises questions regarding the consistency of therapeutic response. Given the favourable efficacy and socio-cultural acceptability of rectal artesunate demonstrated in these studies, the PNG Ministry of Health has decided to add artesunate suppositories to its national pharmacopoeia and incorporate them into standard treatment recommendations. A final study compared the pharmacokinetics of chloroquine, sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine in pregnant, versus non-pregnant women. This demonstrated significantly lower concentrations of all three drugs and active metabolites in the pregnant group, due to a combination of effects on either volume of distribution, clearance and elimination half-life. It suggests that significant dosage alterations are necessary to optimise therapy in pregnant women.

Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / Menggwa Dla is a Papuan language spoken in Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea and Kabupaten Jayapura of Papua Province, Indonesia. Menggwa Dla is a dialect of the Dla language; together with its sister language Anggor (e.g. Litteral 1980), the two languages form the Senagi language family, one of the small Papuan language families found in North-Central New Guinea. The main text of this thesis is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the linguistic, cultural and political landscapes of the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea border area where the Dla territory is located. Chapter 2 introduces the phonology of Menggwa Dla; described in this chapter are the phonemes, allophonic variations, phonotactics, morpho-phonological processes, stress assignment and intonation of the language. The inventory of phonemes in Menggwa is average for a Papuan language (15 consonants and 5 vowels). The vast majority of syllables come in the shape of V, CV or C1C2V where C2 can be /n/ /r/ /l/ /j/ or /w/. In C1C2V syllables, the sonority rises from C1 to V (§2.2.2). Nevertheless, there are a few words with word-medial consonant sequences like ft /ɸt/, lk /lk/, lf /lɸ/ or lk /lk/ where the sonority drops from the first to the second consonant; the first consonant in these sequences is analysed as the coda of the previous syllable (§2.2.3). Chapter 3 is an overview of the word classes in Menggwa Dla; the morphological, syntactic and semantic properties of the three major word classes (nouns, adjectives and verbs) and the minor word classes are compared in this chapter. Chapter 4 describes the properties of nouns and noun phrases; the person-number-gender categories, noun-phrasal syntax, nominal clitics and personal pronouns are outlined in this chapter. Menggwa Dla has a rich array of case, topic and focus markers which comes in the form of clitics (§4.5). Subject pronouns (‘citation pronouns’) only mark person (i.e. one for each of the three persons), whereas object and genitive pronouns mark person (including inclusive/exclusive first person), number, and sometimes also gender features (§4.6). Chapter 5 introduces various morphological and syntactic issues which are common to both independent and dependent clauses: verb stems, verb classes, cross-referencing, intraclausal syntax, syntactic transitivity and semantic valence. Cross-referencing in Menggwa Dla is complex: there are seven paradigms of subject cross-reference suffixes and four paradigms of object cross-references. Based on their cross-referencing patterns, verbs are classified into one of five verb classes (§5.2). There is often a mismatch between the number of cross-reference suffixes, the semantic valence, and the syntactic transitivity within a clause. There are verbs where the subject cross-reference suffix, or the object suffix, or both the subject and object suffixes are semantically empty (‘dummy cross-reference suffixes’; §5.3.2). Chapter 6 outlines the morphology of independent verbs and copulas. Verbal morphology differs greatly between the three statuses of realis, semi-realis and irrealis; a section is devoted to the morphology for each of the three statuses. Chapter 7 introduces the dependent clauses and verbal noun phrases. Different types of dependent verbs are deverbalised to various degrees: subordinate verbs are the least deverbalised, chain verbs are more deverbalised (but they mark switch-reference (SR), and sometimes also interclausal temporal relations), and non-finite chain verbs even more deverbalised. Further deverbalised than the non-finite chain verbs are the verbal nouns; verbal noun phrases in Menggwa Dla functions somewhat like complement clauses in English. In younger speakers speech, the function of the chain clause SR system has diverted from the canonical SR system used by older speakers (§7.2.2). For younger speakers, coreferential chain verb forms and disjoint-reference chain verb forms only have their coreferential and disjoint-referential meaning — respectively — when the person-number-gender features of the two subject cross-reference suffixes cannot resolve the referentiality of the two subjects. Otherwise, the coreferential chain verb forms have become the unmarked SR-neutral chain verb forms. At the end of this thesis are appendix 1, which contains four Menggwa Dla example texts, and appendix 2, which contains tables of cross-reference suffixes, pronouns, copulas and irregular verbs.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2008. / Typescript. Faculty verified from student enrolment details (SMP) as no information on thesis title page. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 282-316.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Department of Anthropology, December 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.