In recent years, much attention has been focused on the application of alternutive gaseoas fuels, particularly natural gas (lVG), to diesel engines. This is due to the promisiog results obtained from the resesrch on NG as an internal combustion engine fuel throughout the world which hus shown that there is potential fo, minimizing air pollution and noise by replacing diesel fuel in existing engines by lfc fuel. For partial substitution of diesel fuel with IfG fuel in a diesel engine, a mixed combustion process called daal-fuelling approach has been adopted. Dual fuelling is the method whereby an alternative gaseous fuel such as IYG is induced into the cylinder as a primary fuel, with oir, and is subsequently ignited with a pilot injection of diesel fael. Extensive tests on emissions, performonce and dilferent umounts of NG substitution in a direct injection (DI) diesel engine have been carried out fo, both diesel fuel only and dual fuel (DF) operations. The results show that 86 % NG could be substituted for diesel fuel at low speeds over the whole load range. Maximum IfG operotion showed higher corbon monoxide (CO) emissions than the diesel fuel only operution while smoke was reduced with DF operation. The maximum vulues of smoke emission were 30 Hutridge smoke numbers (HSIV) with the maximum IfG and 28.5 HSIY in diesel fael only opeFation

Thesis (M. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 383-397).

Orientador: Gilberto de Nucci / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T05:45:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zanfolin_Marcos_M.pdf: 6400539 bytes, checksum: e787c4a70d5cec9642157c31383c9565 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Recentemente, o composto BAY 41-2272, um derivado da pirazolopiridina, 5-ciclopropil-2-[ 1-(2-fluor-benzil)-IH-pirazol[3, 4-b]piridina-3-il]-pirimidina-4-ilamina, (Bayer AGGermany), foi descrito como ativador específico de GCs de ação NO-independente (STRAUB et. al., 2001; STASCH et. aI., 2001). Experimentos in vitro demonstraram uma potente ativação da GCs pelo BAY 41-2272 nas concentrações de 0.1 nM a 100 J.IM, sendo esta estimulação potencializada na presença de doador de NO (DEA)/NO 1 J.LM (STACH et. al., 2001). Em estudos utilizando enzimas desprovidas de grupamento heme, o BAY 41-2272 não foi capaz de ativá-Ias demonstrando que seu mecanismo, apesar de ser NO-independente, é heme-dependente (STACH e1.al., 2001). Diante do exposto, observa-se que a inibição da síntese de óxido nítrico é responsável, em grande parte, pelo surgimento de processos patológicos, principalmente para o sistema cardiocirculatório. Neste sentido, o presente estudo foi realizado para investigar, principalmente, o efeito de um recente e potente estimulador da GCs (BAY 41-2272, Bayer AG, Germany) - independente de NO na hipertensão e miocardiopatia em ratos, avaliando desta forma a importância dessa via de estimulação na presença da patologia. Foram utilizados no experimento ratos WistarlUni S.P.F., pesando entre 250 a 350g fornecidos do Centro Multidisciplinar para investigação Biológica da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (CEMIB - Unicamp). Os animais foram mantidos em gaiolas individuais, dentro de estantes ventiladas (ALESCO), sob condições controladas de luminosidade (12/12 horas) e temperatura (22°C). A técnica iniciou-se por intermédio da implantação de uma unidade transdutor/transmissor na aorta descendente, fixado na parede abdominal interna do animal. As gaiolas com os animais foram colocadas em cima de receivers individuais, ligados a um computador no qual registrava a medição da pressão arterial e a freqüência cardíaca dos animais, por um período de 90 segundos, duas vezes por semana. A aquisição desses dados foi realizada de modo contínuo por meio do sistema de telemetria (Data Science Inc., S1.Paul, MN, USA). Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais, pesados semanalmente e tratados por oito semanas consecutivas. O grupo Controle (n= 10) recebeu (Iml de DMSO, Dimetil Sulfóxido) por gavagem esofágica; o grupo L-NAME (n=20) recebeu L-NAME (n-nitro-L-arginina-metil-éster), recebeu (20mg/rato/dia); o grupo L-NAME + BAY (n=15)recebeu L-NAME(20mg/rato/dia)+ BAY(lOmg/kg/dia)e o GrupoBAY 41-2272 (n=15)recebeu BAY41-2272(10mg/kg/dia). o L-NAME foi dissolvido em água autoclavada e fornecido normalmente para os animais, e o BAY 41-2272 foi administrado através de gavagem oral diária dissolvido em DMSO 80%. Os resultados demonstraram que o BAY 41-2272 diminui significativamente a hipertensão arterial induzida pelo tratamento crônico com L-NAME, diminui o peso cardíaco, diminui o peso do ventrículo esquerdo e reduz a área de lesão dos cardiomiócitos, e que somente os animais do grupo BAY 41-2272 apresentaram um aumento na freqüência cardíaca que pode ser caracterizado por um mecanismo compensatório devido à queda da pressão arterial nos animais / Abstract: Recently, the compound BAY 41-2272, a pyirazolopyridine derivative, was described as an specific GCs activator by a mechanism that is independent of NO (Straub et al. ,2001; Stasch et al., 2001). In vitro experiments demonstrated that BAY 41-2272 stimulates potently sGC at concentrations of 0.1 nM to 100 Nrn, this effeet is potentiated in the presence of NO donors licke 2-(N, N-diethylamino )-diazendate-2-oxide (DEA)/NO (Staeh et. al., 2001). In studies using enzymes were the harm group was removed, BAY 41-2272 did not activate the harm-free enzyme demonstrating that BAY 41-2272 aetives sGC by an NO-independent, but heme-dependent mechanism (Stach et al., 2001). It is observed that the inhibition of the synthesis of nitric oxide is responsible, largely, for the appearance of pathological processes, mainly in the cardiac system. In this sense, this research seeks mainly to investigate the effects of BAY 41-2272 (BAY 41-2272, Bayer AG-Germany, a potent NO-independent stimulator of sGC) in rats, in a physiologie point of view and in a process physiopathological process (hypertension), evaluating the importance of this stimulation way in the presence of the pathology. For this purpose, WistarlUni S.P.F.(250 to 350g) obtained from the Center of Bioterism of the State University of Campinas (CEMIB - UNlCAMP), were housed in individual cages and kept in ventilated shelves (ALESCO) under controlled conditions of light (l2h light dark eycle) and temperature (22°C). The mean arterial blood pressures (MABP) were collected during 90 seconds two times a week for eight weeks. Rats were equipped with implantable radiotelemetry, and a data acquisition system (Data Science Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA), comprising a chronically implantable transducer/transmitter unit fluid-filled catheter. The transmitter was implanted into the peritoneal cavity and the descending aorta, affixed to the inner peritoneal wall. The animals were divided in four experimental groups as follow: 1) Control receiving 1 ml of DMSO 80% per day; 2) L-NAME, receiving L-NAME, alone (20mg/rat per day), 3) BAY 41-2272, reeeiving alone (lOmglkg per day); 4) L-NAME + BAY 41-2272, receiving concomitantly L-NAME (20mg/rat per day) and BAY 41-2272 (10mglkg per day). L-NAME was dissolved in the drinking autoclavated water daily drunk by the rats, BAY 41-2272 was dissolved in 80% of DMSO and administered by gavages. The experiments were performed for up to 8 weeks. The results obtained showed that BAY 41-2272 reduces significantly the arterial hypertension induced by chronic treatment with L-NAME, as well the weight ofthe heart and of the left ventricle and the cardiomyocite injured area. Only animals had receiving BAY 41-2272 showed an increase in the heart rate that can be characterized by a compensatory mechanism in function of reduction of the arterial pressure in these animals / Mestrado / Mestre em Farmacologia

Magister Theologiae - MTh / Van kleins af wou ek graag weet wat die naam arbeidskolonie beteken. Met die jare wat gekom en gegaan het, het ek besef dat daar heelwat meer in die naam "arbeidskolonie" moet sit as bloot maar nog net 'n naam vir 'n plek. Die leesstof wat ek van tyd tot tyd gelees het, het my gemotiveer om meer van die naam te wete te kom. Daarom is die voltooiing van hierdie verhandeling vir my In persoonlike en besondere hoogtepunt en oorwinning in my lewe wat terselfdertyd aan my groot bevrediging verskaf. In die eerste plek wil ek graag my studieleier, prof. J.C. Adonis bedank vir sy professionele voorligting, persoonlike aandag, belangstelling en gereelde terugvoering wat vir my besonder baie beteken het. Vir mnr. Patrick van Wyk van die N.G. Kerkargief, Kaapstad, mev. M. de Wee, die scribakassiere van die NG endinggemeente Kakamas vir hulle vriendelike hulpvaardigheid te alle tye. Ten tweede wil ek my innige dank en waardering uitspreek teenoor die personeel van die Staatsargief Kaapstad, die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerkargief Kaapstad, die Biblioteke van die Universiteite van Stellenbosch, Wes-Kaapland, die NGKerk Kakamas, die NG Sendinggemeente Kakamas en die Openbare Biblioteek Kakamas vir die toegang wat ek gehad het tot die gemeentelike verslae, notules en boeke. Ook aan prof. C.J. Kriel, die eerste leraar van die NG Sendinggemeente Kakamas vir sy bydrae om die publikasie moontlik te maak. Ook 'n woord van dank aan my eggenote vir haar hulp en ondersteuning en aan mev Petite Hoffman vir haar nuttige wenke en pynlik netjiese tikwerk. Ten slotte my nederige dank en lof aan God vir sy genade en krag wat my in staat gestel het om die tesis tot Sy eer daar te stel. Ek hoop en vertrou van ganser harte dat hierdie verhandeling in een of ander bestaande behoefte, hetsy vir die gebruik in die Katkisasieklas, Sondagskool, die Christelike Jeugvereniging en selfs die dagskool bevredigend sal voorsien.

Tato práce se zabývá různými charakteristikami komponovaných dokumentů a ukazuje potencionální výhody využití takových dokumentů v prostředí dnešního Webu. Hlavní pozornost je soustředěna na problémy spojené s validací komponovaných dokumentů. Práce zkoumá různé přístupy k řešení těchto problémů. Validační metoda NVDL (Namespace-based Validation Dispatching Language) je popsána detailně. Tato práce popisuje hlavní principy NVDL, zkoumá výhody a nevýhody oproti jiným přístupům a představuje JNVDL. JNVDL je kompletní implementace specifikace NVDL, která byla napsána v jazyce Java jako součást této práce. Popsány jsou nejen technické prvky implementace, ale JNVDL je představeno i z uživatelské perspektivy. Pro ověření využitelnosti bylo JNVDL integrováno do existujícího projektu pro validaci webových dokumentů s názvem Relaxed, aby jednoduše zpřístupnilo validaci komponovaných dokumentů autorům webového obsahu.

This thesis explores the dynamics of public administration for the Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT), the state-owned oil enterprise under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Thailand. The study shows how PTT adapts bureaucratic systems to organization theories.The thesis focuses on six segments in PTT: (1) Culture -- including bureaucratic political system, equality and efficiency, and the adaptiveness of the Thai culture; (2) Organization Theory and Structure -- including varieties of organization theory and traditional structure principles; (3) Personnel - including people, labor relations, leadership, and communication; (4) Budgets -- including privatization, productivity, efficiency and effectiveness, and program evaluation; (5) Regulations -- including administrative controls and administrative accountability; and (6) Organization Change -- including process of change in the public sector and reengineering in the public sector.The central problem is that the Thai government has no intention for giving up the control of PTT. The reason is because the PTT has made many gains in the oil, natural gas, and petrochemical businesses in Thailand. The Industry Minister, who is directly control the PTT, can recieve some gain from the PTT projects through the commission of each construction project and highest share from each subsidiary that wants to enter in the Stock Market of Thailand.However, because of the increasing and expanding of world oil market, PTT needs more flexibility and less control from the Thai government to compete with other nations. The study also shows that how PTT creates structure that moves with change, that is flexible and adaptive, and that enables rather than constrains while PTT is controlled by the Thai government. It also shows how PTT will solve this problem if the government is not ready to give up control.The methods used in this study are a review of relevant literature and government documents, news document, and interviews with top managers at PTT. The results of this study shows that it is time for the Thai government to give up control of PTT. The Industry Minister is unlikely to take drastic action in the first stage because it might negatively affect the PTT's business. To date, the energy situation has changed toward market-oriented operations. Therefore, the PTT needs more flexibility to compete with another companies both inside and outside the country.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

In the system of Taiwan, if the demand function is given, then the Central Bank can improve economic growth and steady price by controlling the money supply. In fact, true money demand is unknown, so focal point of my paper is to estimate trading money demand function of Taiwan. First, I get that real income, real M1B, and nominal rate are integrated of order 1 processes by using Augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF test) , Phillips-Perron test (PP test) , and Ng-Perron (NP test) . In the conventional model of Engle and Granger (1987) , I use Johansen¡¦s (1988, 1991) maximun likelihood method to estimate co-integrating vector. The result is the same with Ching-Nun Lee (1996) . In the conventional model of Engle and Granger, a linear combination of individually I(1) series becomes I(0). Series have cointegration, but their linear combination is not I(0). Therefore the conventional model of Engle and Granger does not encompass all non-stational economic models. Harris, McCabe, and Leybourne (2002) provided the stochastic cointegration. The stochastic cointegration allows that a linear combination of individually I(1) series is not I(0). Therefore, my paper also uses stochastic cointegration to test trading money demand of Taiwan. The result is real M1B, real income, and one month rate have stochastic cointegration.

The gradual changes in the world development have brought energy issues back into high profile. An ongoing challenge for countries around the world is to balance the development gains against its effects on the environment. The energy management is the key factor of any sustainable development program. All the aspects of development in agriculture, power generation, social welfare and industry in Iran are crucially related to the energy and its revenue. Forecasting end-use natural gas consumption is an important Factor for efficient system operation and a basis for planning decisions. In this thesis, particle swarm optimization (PSO) used to forecast long run natural gas consumption in Iran. Gas consumption data in Iran for the previous 34 years is used to predict the consumption for the coming years. Four linear and nonlinear models proposed and six factors such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Population, National Income (NI), Temperature, Consumer Price Index (CPI) and yearly Natural Gas (NG) demand investigated.