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Thesis advisor: Julia Chuang / Existing literature on NGOs in China depicted NGOs as either depoliticized service providers or harbinger of democracy expecting them to mobilize movements or participate in policy advocacy. However, few explain what accounts for differences in their capacities. While some scholars argue that NGOs’ relations with different actors in the field have influence on variations of their capacities, they do not disaggregate what resources are mobilized in such relationship management. Extending their arguments, I argue that NGOs leverage relationships to obtain essential resources such as symbolic legitimation from the state, financial support from civil society actors and social embeddedness from constituencies to operate effectively. Drawing upon four months ethnography on three NGOs serving the needs of sex workers in greater China region, I illustrate how these NGOs are either capable of carrying out their original political mission—to decriminalize sex work in China—or deflected into service provision, through their mobilization and attainments of different resources. / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology.

Objective: To explore and describe how healthcare non-governmental organizations provide and evaluate programs and services that result in positive and sustainable health outcomes in children and adolescents living in low-and middle-income countries and to better understand the role of nursing within these organizations. Scoping Review: A scoping review informed by the Arksey & O’Malley framework was completed to explore the research on the delivery of pediatric health services by non-governmental organizations in low-and middle-income countries. Qualitative Study: Semi-structured interviews were conducted to share the voices and experiences of stakeholders working in the field of NGO practice to provide clarity, further insight and depth to the results from the scoping review and broaden the understanding of the role of nursing on this topic. Conclusions: Despite variability in practice and a multitude of competing priorities, outcome evaluation is growing within the field of pediatric NGO practice, and progress is being made towards evaluation of broader health outcomes besides unidimensional health indicators or outputs. Nurses can play a significant role in improving pediatric NGO program development and evaluation practices and are well positioned to be global health leaders who can influence policy and practice for the achievement of positive and sustainable health outcomes in children and adolescents in low-and middle-income countries.

Yes / The growing international interest in peacebuilding as a concept and programme area requires a criticalunderstanding if its implementation on the ground. This audit aims to explore the definitions and applicationsof peacebuilding employed by local and international NGOs in Kosovo today.

Women represent more than 50% of the population of Haiti and embody the poorest group due to their lack of socioeconomic development. Numerous nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) including diaspora NGOs (DINGOs) have engaged in the fight to reduce poverty in Haiti by enabling empowerment programs to help women become self-reliant. The programs appear to be ineffective because the level of poverty remains high and there has been little research on the relative effectiveness and sustainability of the programs implemented by the DINGOs. Using the feminist theories of DeBeauvoir and Friedan in conjunction with the empowerment theory of AlMaseb and Julia as the foundation, the purpose of this research was to assess the role of DINGOs in empowering Haitian women and to determine the effectiveness and sustainability of their programs. Research questions focused on the perception of participants of the notion of empowerment and strategies implemented by DINGOs. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 17 participants utilizing e-mail interviews. Interview data were coded using Rubin and Rubin's seven steps for analysis of responsive interviews. Findings indicated that (a) all participants shared similar views that the empowerment of Haitian women is a winning strategy for poverty reduction; (b) Participants believe that DINGOs' programs are effective, but they lack government involvement, partnerships with larger NGOs, and necessary resources to remain sustainable. Implications for social change include using the findings to inform policy creation and implementation of more women-friendly empowerment strategies capable of reducing the level of poverty in Haiti. Policy makers, the country, and Haitian women would benefit from the reduced poverty.

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This thesis explores two distinct yet inter-related issues within the twin fields of disability and developments tudies. First, the evolution of Community-BasedR ehabilitation( CBR) as the "received orthodoxy" for disability service provision throughout the developing world. Second, the developmenot f two theoretical" models"o r perspectiveso f disability: the medicala nds ocial perspectivesT. he assumptionws hichu nderpinC BR haven ot generallyb eens ubjectedto critical examinationn or hasc onsiderationb eeng iven ast o how CBR andt he theoreticalu nderstandings of disabilityi nter-relate. This thesisc ritically analysesth is inter-relationship. The thesisd escribesa ndc ritiquest he theoreticalu nderstandingosf disability,a ndt he philosophy ando perationapl racticeo f CBR, beforec onsideringh ow eacho f thesec anm utuallye nhancea nd developt he other.T his analysiss uggestws aysf orwardt o developinga na lternativeu nderstanding of disability, which is pertinent to the experience of disabled people in a developing country context. It is argued that neither perspective provides an intellectually satisfying analysis. CBR has invariably been perceived by planners and policy makers in a somewhat utopian manner. A field study of four NGO-managed CBR programmes in South India provides an empirical exploration of these issues. The case studies enlighten and contextualise the issues this thesis addresses. It is concludedt hat a universal" model" of disabilityi s inadequateb ut that insightsc an be drawn from both the medical and social perspectives. Importantly, an "improved" understandingo f disabilitym ust take into accountt he way in which the experienceo f disabilitya nd impairmenti s shapedb y economic,s ociala ndc ultural factors.T he thesisa lsoc oncludesth at althought here are problems inherent in the principles and practice of CBR, it has the potential to create an unprecedented opportunity for disabled people to improve their well-being. Given that "empowerment"i s becomein creasinglyim portantw ithin CBR. there is potential in considering the implications of Paulo Freire's philosophy of social transformation for operational practice.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University