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Des matériaux ayant des propriétés émissives spécifiques peuvent être obtenus par l'organisation contrôlée de fluorophores aux échelles moléculaire, nano- et micro-métrique. Dans ce travail, l'émission de lumière bleue polarisée est obtenue par l'auto-assemblage hautement anisotrope de n-acènes alcoxylés en nano-rubans. Des techniques de microscopie de fluorescence ont été utilisées pour déterminer le mécanisme de leur croissance et ont été combinées à la cristallographie aux rayons X pour déterminer l'empilement moléculaire dans les nano-objets. L'étude a révélé que la formation des nano-rubans est induite non seulement par le mécanisme de maturation d'Ostwald très commun, mais aussi par une croissance par attachement orienté rarement démontré dans des systèmes organiques. En plus des techniques plus courantes, la microscopie en polarisation de fluorescence de molécules uniques a contribué à caraxctériser l'emplilement moléculaire, bien que les nano-objets à haute densité en chromophore constituent des échantillons très difficiles à étudier. Dans ce travail, les propriétés des nano-rubans ont été contrôlées au niveau microscopique par les conditions de croissance, ainsi que par l'addition de dopants. Ainsi, en combinant différentes molécules et une réaction photochimique sous microscopie, des rubans à motifs colorés sub-micrométriques ont été obtenus. Par ailleurs, l'assemblage orthogonal a été exploité pour développer des réseaux interpénétrés. Ces derniers se distinguent par une émission à double couleur, un transfert d'énergie entre objets et une électroluminescence aux jonctions. / Materials with specific emissive properties can be obtained by the controlled organization of fluorophores at the molecular, nano- and microscales. In this work, polarized blue light emission is achieved by the highly anisotropic self-assembly of alkoxylated n-acenes into nano-ribbons. Fluorescence microscopy techniques were used to determine the growth mechanism and were combined to X-ray crystallography to determine the molecular packing in the nano-objects. The study revealed that the formation of the nano-ribbons is induced not only by the very common Ostwald ripening mechanism but also by an oriented attachnment growth, rarely observed with such evidence in organic systems. Besides more common techniques, single molecule fluorescence polarization microscopy contributed to characterize the molecular packing, although the nano-objects with high chromophore density represent very challenging samples. In this work, the properties of the nano-ribbons have been controlled at the microscopic level by the growth conditions, as well as by the addition of dopants Thereby, combining different molecules and photochemistry at the sub-micrometer scale under the microscope, colorful patterned ribbons could be obtained. In addition, orthogonal assembly was exploited to grow interpenetrated networks. The latter demonstrated dual color-emission, as well as inter-object energy transfer and electroluminescence at junctions.

The main objective of this work is to research and obtain surface protected topological states in nano-ribbons created from the leaves of Germanene and Silicene. These sheets belong to the class of Topological Insulators and correspond to monolayers of germanium and silicon atoms in a hexagonal arrangement that is similar to the graphene sheet. For this investigation, we conducted a study of the electronic and structural properties of these sheets, as well as their respective nano-ribbons through first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). In this methodology we use the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for estimating the exchange and correlation term, and the PAW method for the effective potential and the expansion of plane waves of the Kohn-Sham. We conducted a computer simulation with the aid of the package VASP (Vienna ab-initio Simulation Package). As a starting point for our research, we used the methodology of solid state physics in order to describe the crystalline structure of the leaves as well as their mutual space. Subsequently we analyze the band structure, from which many of its properties can be visualized. For this task, we initially proceeded to investigate the stability of these systems via total energy calculations, in turn obtaining the network parameters that minimizes the energy of the system. We also obtained the energy cutoff, ECUT used in our calculations, or in other words, determining the number of plane waves needed to expand the electronic wave functions on the DFT formalism. We continued our study, with the creation and analysis of two different configurations of nano-ribbons, one that corresponds to a straightforward cut of the sheet with the armchair termination pattern, and the other based on a reconstruction of those edges, which provide an energetically more stable system. Subsequently we obtained electronic structures, and conducted a study of its variation due to the change of the width of the nano-ribbon and ionic relaxation of its edges. In a way, we modified the above parameters in order to obtain a system that would give us a zero gap, or at least insignificant, as well as a specific configuration for the spin texture, in order to verify the evidence of surface protected topological states in these nano-ribbons. / O objetivo principal deste trabalho é a investigação e obtenção dos estados topologicamente protegidos de superfície em nano-fitas criadas a partir das folhas de Germaneno e Siliceno. Estas folhas pertencem a classe dos Isolantes Topológicos e correspondem a monocamadas de átomos de Germânio e Silício, em um arranjo hexagonal que se assemelha a folha do Grafeno. Para esta investigação, realizamos um estudo das propriedades eletrônicas e estruturais destas folhas, bem como de suas respectivas nano-fitas, através de cálculos de primeiros princípios fundamentados na teoria do funcional da densidade (DFT). Nesta metodologia utilizamos a aproximação do gradiente generalizado (GGA) para a estimativa do termo de troca e correlação, e o método PAW para o potencial efetivo e a expansão em ondas planas dos orbitais de Kohn-Sham. Realizamos a simulação computacional com o auxílio do pacote VASP (Vienna ab-initio Simulation Package). Como ponto de partida para nossa pesquisa, utilizamos a metodologia da física do estado sólido com o intuito de descrever a estrutura cristalina das folhas, bem como seu espaço recíproco. Posteriormente analisamos as estruturas de bandas, a partir das quais muitas de suas propriedades podem ser visualizadas. Para esta tarefa, inicialmente procedemos à investigação da estabilidade destes sistemas via cálculos de energia total, obtendo o parâmetro de rede a que minimiza a energia do sistema. Obtivemos também a energia de corte ECUT utilizada em nossos cálculos, ou em outras palavras, a determinação do número de ondas planas necessárias para expandir as funções de onda eletrônicas no formalismo da DFT. Prosseguimos nosso estudo, com a criação e análise de duas distintas configurações de nano-fitas, uma que corresponde a um corte simples e direto da folha com terminação no padrão armchair, e a outra baseada em uma reconstrução destas bordas, que acaba por fornecer um sistema mais estável energeticamente. Posteriormente obtivemos as estruturas eletrônicas, e realizamos um estudo de sua variação em função da alteração da largura da nano-fita e a relaxação iônica de suas bordas. De certa maneira, modificamos os parâmetros acima, de forma a obter um sistema que nos fornecesse um gap nulo, ou pelo menos desprezível, bem como uma determinada configuração para a textura de spin, de modo a verificarmos a evidência de uma proteção topológica nos estados de superfície nestas nano-fitas. / Mestre em Física