Emerging fields such as "Organs on a Chip", disease modeling in vitro, stem cell manufacturing and wearable bioelectronics are demanding rapid development of 3D Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) for electrical interfacing with biological constructs. The work reported in this thesis focuses on two developmental tracks: "Dynamic 3D MEAs" and metal microfabrication for 3D MEAs. In the first part of the thesis, we explore the capabilities and limitations of 3D printed microserpentines (µserpentines) and utilize these structures to develop dynamic 3D microelectrodes. Analytical modeling of µserpentines flexibility followed by integration into a flexible Kapton® package and PDMS insulation are demonstrated. These 3D MEAs were further characterized in dynamic impedance measurement experiments and with an artificial skin model demonstrating their potential for wearable bioelectronics. In the second part of the thesis, microfabrication of the 3D metal MEAs for in vitro cell constructs is reported. These were fabricated using laser micromachining in 2D and transitioned out-of-plane to the final 3D conformation by a custom fabricated Hypodermic Needle Array (Hypo-Rig). The 3D metal MEAs were packaged on multiple substrates, and a 3D insulation layer was defined to fabricate microelectrodes that were subsequently characterized mechanically and electrically.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Texas, May, 2008. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-171). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009. / Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed January 22, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009. / Title from title screen (site viewed October 13, 2009). PDF text: xiii, 127, 11 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 6 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3352608. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

Thesis (ME--Engineering)--AUT University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print ([vii], 124 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.) in the Archive at the City Campus (T 620.5 FRE)