A low-temperature method, supercritical CO2 fluid (SCCF) technology, was applied for oxidation of metal Zn film on glass substrate at 60¢XC. In this study, Zn film was deposited by DC sputtering at room temperature and post-treated by SCCF, which is mixed with 0.15 vol % H2O. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) indicate that high density ZnO Nanotubes were formed on the glass substrate. SCCF technology has shown successful oxidation the Zinc at low temperature for the first time.

Thèse de doctorat : Chimie et sciences des matériaux : Paris Est : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Drexel University, 2010. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-191).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brown University, 2008. / Vita. Adviser: Jimmy Xu. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 202-212).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: Dr. Ben Wang, Florida State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Industrial Engineering. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Mar. 2, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Kumar, Satish; Committee Member: Cook, Fred L.; Committee Member: Bottomley, Lawrence A.; Committee Member: Carter, William Brent; Committee Member: Yushin, Gleb. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Block copolymers containing pendant pyrene, terpyridine and poly(3- hexylthiophene) moieties with different block ratios and chain lengths were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The block copolymers obtained had narrow molecular weight distribution. The applications of these polymers for non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes and in photovoltaic devices were studied. The molecular weight distribution and block sizes of the block copolymers could be controlled quite well. The polydispersities measured were below 1.25. The block copolymers could be functionalized on the surface of CNTs. The functionalized CNTs had an improved dispersing ability and a maximum dispersing ability of 0.30 mgmL-1 in DMF was achieved. The photosensitizing properties of an individual functionalized CNT were studied by conductive atomic force microscopy. In the presence of the photosensitizing unit, the photocurrent was measured to be 6.4 nAμW-1 at 580 nm. This suggests the role of metal complexes in the photosensitizing process in the block copolymer. Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-pendant pyrene copolymers were synthesized by Grignard metathesis and RAFT polymerization. Different loadings of the block copolymers functionalized CNT were employed as the electron accepting materials in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.77 × 10-3 % was achieved for the poly(3- hexylthiophene): 0.5% polymer functionalized CNT devices. The poor efficiency was attributed to the low CNT loadings that limited the electron transport in the devices. The poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-pendant pyrene copolymer were employed as compatibilizer for poly(3-hexylthiophene): [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices. With the addition of 20 % of the block copolymer, a maximum power conversion efficiency of 1.62 % could be achieved. The long term stability of the encapsulated photovoltaic devices was studied. There was more than 30 % reduction in the degradation of performance after 30 days when the block copolymer was added as compatibilizer. These results suggested the role of the block copolymer compatibilizers in improving both the photovoltaic performances and stability of the devices. Differential scanning calorimetry results suggested that the improved photovoltaic performances may be attributed to the enhanced compatibility between poly(3- hexylthiophene) and PCBM. / published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

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