BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a spectrum of diseases that is rising in prevalence and is strongly associated with obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. There has been much research into potential therapeutics, as the current recommended treatment, thiazolidinediones (TZDs) present a host of negative side effects such as fluid retention and weight gain. CHS-131 is a selective PPAR-γ modulator with antidiabetic effects and less side effects compared to TZDs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CHS-131 on metabolic parameters and liver pathology in a diet-induced obese (DIO) and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. METHODS: Male C57BL/6JRj mice were fed an AMLN diet (40% fat with trans-fat, 20% fructose and 2% cholesterol) for 33 weeks prior to a liver biopsy procedure. Animals that were biopsy-confirmed to have steatosis and fibrosis were stratified into 3 treatment groups: 1) Low dose CHS-131 (10mg/kg), 2) High dose CHS-131 (30mg/kg), 3) Vehicle. Metabolic parameters, liver pathology including NAFLD activity score, metabolomics/lipidomics, markers of liver function and liver, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue gene expression was assessed. RESULTS: CHS-131 did not affect body weight, fat, lean or water mass, or food intake in DIO-NASH mice with fibrosis. CHS-131 improved fasting insulin levels and insulin sensitivity as assessed by intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test. CHS-131 improved total cholesterol, ALT, AST and increased adiponectin levels in plasma. CHS-131 improved NAS in liver histology and tended to reduce markers of hepatic fibrosis. Diet induced NASH mice treated with CHS-131 demonstrated a hepatic shift to diacyl- and triacyl-glycerol’s with shorter chains, increased expression of genes stimulating fatty acid oxidation and browning and decreased expression of genes promoting fatty acid synthesis, triglyceride synthesis and inflammation in adipose tissue. CONCLUSION: CHS-131 improves liver histology in a diet-induced obese and biopsy confirmed mouse model of NASH by affecting the hepatic lipidome, reducing insulin resistance and altering lipid metabolism and inflammation in adipose tissue. / 2022-06-04T00:00:00Z

It is known that quantum strategies change the range of possible payoffs for the players in the prisoner's dilemma. In this paper, we examine the effect of the degree of entanglement in determining the payoffs. When both players play quantum strategies, we show that the payoff for both players is unaffected by the entanglement value and it leads to a new Nash equilibrium.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zanelato_ai_me_sjrp.pdf: 747520 bytes, checksum: a785dd86fb658ccc77c82fbc94c29dbd (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo abordar aspectos fundamentais da teoria de imersão proposta por John Nash em 1954, na qual foi mostrado que uma variedade continua com derivada continuação nua C1, pode ser imersa em espaços euclidianos de 2n dimensões. Faz-se importante citar que ao longo do trabalho serão destacados aspectos inovadores do Teorema de Nash, tais como a não necessidade da hipótese de analitici-dade conforme havia sido usada anteriormente por Janet-Cartan, além do aspecto da perturbação que permite construir qualquer outra variedade imersa por uma sequência de deformações infinitesimais. São discutidos também extensões do Teorema de Nash, sobretudo os trabalhos de Greene e de Gunther, e aplicações do método perturbativo de Nash nas Teorias unificadoras da física. / The present work has for objective to approach basic aspects of the immersion theory proposal for John Nash in 1954, in which it was shown that a continuous variety with continuous derivative C1, can be immersed in Euclidean spaces of 2n dimensions. One becomes important to cite that throughout the work innovative aspects of the The- orem of Nash will be detached, such as the necessity of the hypothesis of in agreement analiticidade had not been used previously for Janet-Cartan, beyond the aspect of the disturbance that allows to construct any another immersed variety for a sequência of infinitesimal deformations. Extensions of the Theorem of Nash are also argued, over all the works of Greene and Gunther, and applications of the perturbativo method of Nash in the unifying Theories of the physics.

No description available.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Boston University

Increasingly used in online auctions, buyout prices allow bidders to instantly purchase the item listed. We distinguish two types: a temporary buyout option disappears if a bid above the reserve price is made; a permanent one remains throughout the auction or until it is exercised. In a model featuring time-sensitive bidders with uniform valuations and Poisson arrivals but endogenous bidding times, we focus on finding temporary and permanent buyout prices maximizing the seller's discounted revenue, and examine the relative benefit of using each type of option in various environments. We characterize equilibrium bidder strategies in both cases and then solve the problem of maximizing seller's utility by simulation. Our numerical experiments suggest that buyout options may significantly increase a seller’s revenue. Additionally, while a temporary buyout option promotes early bidding, a permanent option gives an incentive to the bidders to bid late, thus leading to concentrated bids near the end of the auction. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009. / Title from title screen (site viewed March 2, 2010). PDF text: . 1 v. ; Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3379833. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

Thesis (M.A.)--Denver Seminary, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-86).

No description available.

For zero-sum games, we have efficient solution techniques. Unfortunately, there are interesting games that are too large to solve. Here, a popular approach is to solve an abstract game that models the original game. We assume that more accurate the abstract games result in stronger strategies. There is substantial evidence to support this assumption. We begin by formalizing abstraction and refinement, a notion of expressive power for abstractions. We then show the assumption fails to hold under two criteria. The first is exploitability, which measures performance in the worst-case. The second is called the domination value, which measures how many mistakes a strategy makes. Despite these pathologies, we notice that larger strategies tend to make fewer mistakes and perform better in tournaments. Finally, we introduce strategy grafting, a technique that uses sub-game decomposition, which allow us to create good strategies in much larger spaces than previously possible.