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Desenvolvimento territorial e a pol?tica nacional de ?gua em Mo?ambique: o caso do distrito de ChibutoRos?rio, Nelson Maria 24 January 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-01-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The development has been a phenomenon in constant discussion today, whose fundamental importance should be to promote the welfare of humanity. Thus, the development becomes an element that adds political, economic, social and environmental values . In Mozambique the development model adopted by the State prioritizes the economic dimension, in this case favoring the growth of capitalist structure production. Thus , the basic conditions for human survival still leaves much to be desired and the Mozambican population in general and the district of Chibuto , in particular , continue to face several difficulties to have access to such conditions, and the lack of potable water is a that most of the problems afflicting this population . The water was always a factor related to the socio-economic development of the population, where great civilizations and major economic marks were always influenced by water availability, and today this feature is present in all sectors of production. In Mozambique, much effort has been made by the government, national and international organizations to enhance and guarantee the supply of potable and drinking water, and despite all this effort, most of the population does not have access to this precious resource. In this sense, this work presents an analysis of the effects of the National Water Policy in the study area, analyzes the shortage of potable water in the district of Chibuto, discusses the design and development contained in the official discourse of the state and, opposes the idea of human development. For such issues that help to understand the phenomenon under study, such as territory, public policy and criticism of hegemonic conception of development are addressed. To make the desired approach, we performed a characterization of the District of Chibuto, addressing the issue of poverty, with a brief discussion of this concept, from different approaches, and analyze the impact of the PARPA (Action Plan for the Reduction of Absolute Poverty) in fighting poverty in Mozambique, and became a description of the scenario of poverty and vulnerability in Chibuto district with the construction of Territorial Human Development Index. Research also brings up a discussion about territory and technicization which describes the senary of the water supply system in the District and territorial dynamics of Chibuto, from the analysis and description of existing structures and other technical objects that structure the territory under study. Thus, it was found that the development should be summarized in the satisfaction of human needs, and should be the cornerstone of the new type of development that is intended for the purpose of triggering urgently actions to overcome or combat bleak misery suffered by the majority of inhabitants of the District of Chibuto / O desenvolvimento tem sido um fen?meno em constante discuss?o na atualidade, cuja import?ncia fundamental deveria ser a promo??o do bem estar da humanidade. Assim, o desenvolvimento passa a ser um elemento que agrega valores pol?ticos, econ?micos, social e ambiental. Em Mo?ambique o modelo de desenvolvimento adotado pelo Estado prioriza a dimens?o econ?mica, privilegiando neste caso o crescimento da estrutura produtiva capitalista. Assim sendo, as condi??es b?sicas para a sobreviv?ncia humana deixa ainda muito a desejar e a popula??o mo?ambicana, em geral, e do distrito de Chibuto, em particular, continuam a enfrentar v?rias dificuldades para ter acesso a tais condi??es, sendo a escassez de ?gua pot?vel um dos problemas que mais aflige essa popula??o. A ?gua foi sempre um fator vinculado ao desenvolvimento socioecon?mico dos povos, onde as grandes civiliza??es e os grandes marcos econ?micos foram sempre influenciados pela disponibilidade de ?gua, e hoje em dia esse recurso est? presente em todos os setores de produ??o. Em Mo?ambique muito esfor?o tem sido feito pelo governo, pelas organiza??es nacionais e internacionais visando ampliar e garantir o abastecimento de ?gua pot?vel, e apesar de todo esse esfor?o, a maior parte da popula??o ainda n?o tem acesso a esse precioso recurso. Neste sentido, o trabalho traz uma an?lise dos reflexos da Pol?tica Nacional de ?gua na ?rea de estudo, analisa a escassez de ?gua pot?vel no Distrito de Chibuto e discute a concep??o de desenvolvimento contido no discurso oficial do Estado, contrapondo com a ideia de desenvolvimento humano. Para tal s?o abordados temas que ajudam a compreender o fen?meno em estudo, tais como territ?rio, pol?ticas p?blicas e cr?tica a concep??o hegem?nica de desenvolvimento. Para viabilizar a abordagem pretendida, realizou-se uma caracteriza??o do Distrito de Chibuto, abordando a quest?o da pobreza, fazendo uma breve discuss?o sobre este conceito, a partir das diferentes abordagens, al?m de analisar o impacto do PARPA (Plano de A??o para Redu??o da Pobreza Absoluta) no combate da pobreza em Mo?ambique e, fez-se uma descri??o do cen?rio da pobreza e vulnerabilidade no distrito de Chibuto com a constru??o do ?ndice Territorial de Desenvolvimento Humano. Tamb?m a pesquisa traz uma discuss?o sobre territ?rio e tecnifica??o, descreve o sen?rio do sistema de abastecimento de ?gua no Distrito e olha para a din?mica territorial de Chibuto, a partir na an?lise e descri??o das estruturas existentes e outros objetos t?cnicos que estruturam o territ?rio em estudo. Assim, constatou-se que o desenvolvimento deve-se resumir na satisfa??o das necessidades humanas, devendo ser o pilar principal do novo tipo de desenvolvimento que se pretende, com a finalidade de desencadear, com urg?ncia, a??es com vista a superar ou combater a desoladora mis?ria que sofre a maior parte dos habitantes do Distrito de Chibuto
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Assessment of approaches to determine the water quality status of South African catchmentsMosoa, Moleboheng Wilhelmina January 2013 (has links)
The paradigm shift in water quality management of South African water resources was based
on current international trends. This significant move was from a previous emphasis on
source management to a focus on finding a balance between water resource protection and
water use. The current approach requires that water quality and quantity should be
maintained for sustainable functioning of both the natural aquatic environment and socioeconomic
development. This approach has placed the assessment of water quality status as
a key decision tool in water quality management.
Various assessment tools have been utilized to quantify the quality of South African water
resources. In this study we assessed the compatibility of some of the methodologies that
have been used in the Department of Water Affairs to determine and report on the water
quality status of the resource. During the assessment the context and manner in which
these methodologies can be utilized in water quality management were also addressed
The Compliance Evaluation and Fitness for use categorization methodologies are both used
to describe the water quality threshold of potential concern when dealing with the resource.
Compliance Evaluation methodology uses a pass or fail assessment, while the Fitness for use categorization methodology uses a scaled approach allowing for the assessment
of gradual change in the system. The out puts of these two methodologies, the Resource
Water Quality Objectives and Fitness for use categories/ classes have both been used in the
department as benchmarks to describe the current water quality status
The assessment of the two methodologies indicated that there are similarities in the
approaches and the principles behind the two processes. The observation of the results,
however, indicated differences in the manner of presentation of the results, the interpretation
of the outcome and in how water quality management measures that needs to be
implemented are linked.
Both methodologies are easy to apply when conducting water quality status assessments.
However, the two methodologies are not sufficient on their own when making decisions on
water quality management. It was concluded that although the compliance evaluation
methodology can play a pivotal role when setting end of pipe standards, the process needs
to consider the gradual changes of water quality in the river system in order to enable
instigation of different water quality management measures at appropriate levels. Further it
was recommended that with some modification the two approaches can be applied to assess
water quality to support adequate water quality management decisions at various levels. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / Unrestricted
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