Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / The collapse of the Soviet Union, and the associated end of global confrontation, has resulted in a dynamic process of changes, which has transformed the entire security situation in the Baltic Sea region. In recognition that NATO is becoming an organization able to extend stability and security throughout all of Europe, Latvia has considered membership into NATO a key to the solution of the Baltic security dilemma. This thesis examines the influence of NATO institutions on the Latvian security environment, in advance of Latvia's full-fledged membership into NATO. The analysis is particularly concerned with the gradual growth of various NATO cooperative institutions by which NATO will extend its influence in the strengthening of security and stability in the Baltic Sea region. The analysis concludes that NATO's involvement with Latvia has had multiple positive effects, including increased security, transformation of armed forces, and creation of a new framework in Latvian-Russian relations. / Captain, Latvian Armed Forces

La personnalité juridique internationale se définit comme la capacité à être titulaire de droits et à se voir imposer des obligations. La théorie classique ne reconnaît la qualité de sujet du droit international qu’aux États et pardérivation aux organisations intergouvernementales. D’autres acteurs, privés, les organisa-tions non gouvernementales, les entreprises, les individus ou encore des groupes armés non étatiques sont aujourd’hui de plus en plus présents sur la scène internationale. Nombre d’instruments convention-nels ont ainsi été développés pour tenir compte de leurs spécificités. C’est essentiellement avec le déve-loppement du droit international pénal, institutionnalisé avec la création de juridictions pénales interna-tionales, que la capacité de certains de ces acteurs à être titulaires de droits et débiteurs d’obligations internationales s’est accrue. Si le statut international des individus, des ONG ou des entreprises soulève moins de difficultés, les contours de celui des organisations armées (au sens large) demeurent encore flous. Leurs activités militaires sont potentiellement génératrices de crimes internationaux; des crimes « belliqueux»d’une part (crimes de guerre, crimes d’agression), d’autres crimes d’autre part (génocides, crimes contre l’humanité). Si le droit des conflits armés reconnaît l’existence de droits et d’obligations à des acteurs privés, il convient de s’interroger sur la relation entre le droit international pénal et la reconnaissance de la personnalité juridique internationale à des organisations armées. La Cour pénale internationale étant à la croisée des différentes branches du droit international, sa possible contribution à une subjectivisation internationale des organisations armées questionne,tant du point de vue de leur rôle dans la commission des crimes, que de leur capacité à en répondre. / International legal personality is defined as the capacity to be a holder of rights and to have obligations imposed on it. Classical theory recognizes only to States as international law subjects and by derivation to intergovernmental organizations. Other private actors, such as non-governmental organizations, com-panies, individuals and non-state armed groups, are nowincreasingly present on the international scene. Many conventional instruments have beendeveloped to consider their specificities. It is mainly with the development of international criminal law, institutionalized with the creation of international criminal courts, that the capacity of some of these actors to be rights holders and duty bearers has increased. While the international statusof individuals, NGOs or companies raises fewer difficulties, the scope of the international status of armed organizations (broadly speaking) remains unclear. Their military activ-ities potentially generate international crimes; « belligerent»crimes on the one hand (war crimes, ag-gression crimes), othercrimes on the other hand (genocides, crimes against humanity). While the law of armed conflict recognizes the existence of rights and obligations of private actors, the link between international criminal law and the recognition of the international legalpersonality to armed organiza-tions must be examined. As the International Criminal Court is at the crossroads of the various fields of international law, its potential contribution to the international subjectification of armed organizations raises questions, both in terms of their role in the commission of crimes and theirability to respond to them.

Orientador: Edgar Salvadori De Decca / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T17:41:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bagatim_Alessandra_M.pdf: 1457105 bytes, checksum: 2353d91d32f41f86d833bc955c081b76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo mostrar o processo de formação e a atuação de um grupo de esquerda armado dos anos 60 auto nomeado Forças Armadas de Libertação Nacional (FALN). A atuação local e isolada deste grupo que, atipicamente, desenvolveu suas ações no interior de São Paulo, na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, e a participação de trabalhadores rurais entre seus membros são características que o diferenciam dos demais. O desenrolar da pesquisa traz uma contextualização sobre os movimentos políticos, econômicos e sociais ocorridos em Ribeirão Preto no decorrer da década de 50 e, principalmente, na década de 60. Mostra os caminhos percorridos pelos integrantes do grupo, desde o momento anterior à formação da FALN até serem descobertos e presos. Destaca, por fim, a participação de alguns trabalhadores rurais no grupo e a forma como a Igreja católica local viu-se envolvida nesta trama política / Abstract: This research has the main objective to show the formation process and the activity of an armed left group in the 1960s, self named National Armed Forces of Liberation (FALN). The local and isolated activity of this group that atypically developed their actions in the interior of the State of São Paulo, in the city of Ribeirão Preto, and the participation of rural workers among their members are characteristics that make this group very different from the others. The development of the research gives us a contextualization about the social, political and economic movements that happened in Ribeirão Preto in the 1960s, mainly in the 1960s. It shows the ways traveled by the members of the group since the first moment of the FALN formation until their members be discovered and imprisoned. The research also emphasizes the participation of some rural workers in the group and how the local Catholic Church was involved in that political plot / Mestrado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Mestre em História