Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1943. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1937.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1937.

Abstract of Thesis--University of Illinois. / Vita.

Thesis (Ph.D)--Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Theodore H. Poister, Ph.D.; Committee Member: Gordon Kingsley, Ph.D.; Committee Member: John Thomas, Ph.D.; Committee Member: Judith Ottoson, Ph.D.; Committee Member: Patricia Reeves, Ph.D. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1997. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-125).

NHS Direct Wales (NHSDW) is a nurse-led 24-hour health advice and information line. This study estimated the effect of deprivation on the demand for, and outcome of, direct calls to NHSDW after controlling for potentially confounding factors. The author analysed anonymous data from NHSDW on 410,000 calls over 2.5 years, including patient characteristics (age, gender, relationship to caller, ward of residence) and call characteristics (whether for triage or information, day of call). To each call she added ward data including: the corresponding Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation score; population density; and distance from nearest Emergency Department (ED). She used multiple linear regression to model the relationship between deprivation and demand and binary logistic regression to model the relationship between deprivation and outcome. Confounding variables explained 33.0% of variation in advice call rates; and 27.5% of that in information call rates (both significant at 0.1% level). Deprivation was not a statistically significant predictor of these rates (significance levels 0.158 and 0.244 respectively). Deprivation had more effect on outcomes: an increase in deprivation from one fifth to the next fifth increased by 13% the probability of receiving advice to call 999 emergency care within triage calls [Odds ratio (OR) 1.127; 95% confidence interval (Cl) from 1.113 to 1.143]; and that of receiving advice to seek care face to face rather than self care by 5% (OR 1.049; Cl from 1.041 to 1.058) for triage calls and by 3% (OR 1.034; Cl from 1.022 to 1.047) for information calls. In short, deprivation had no detectable effect on demand for calls, but a positive effect on the outcome of the call. While it is possible that the data underestimated the ‘need’ of deprived patients for healthcare, they yield no evidence that NHSDW should seek to improve access from those patients.

Introduction Midwifery obstetric units (MOUs) have been established in South Africa in response to the health needs of pregnant women. Although various types of MOUs currently exist, the function of the MOU and the quality of midwifery care rendered, have never been documented. This study aims to describe and compare four different types of MOUs in the Pretoria region. This will contribute towards providing and evidence base, needed for effective policy-making. The researcher believes that MOUs should play an important role in the reduction of maternal morbidity and mortality. Methods and procedures A comparative and descriptive design was used to reach the aim of the study. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used, to contribute to a comprehensive picture of the functioning of MOUs and midwifery care rendered. Three objectives were set at the onset of the study. Objective one was to describe and compare the function of the MOUs with regard to: specific criteria: the number of admissions, the number of referrals, the number of deliveries, birth mass of babies delivered, number of perinatal deaths before admission and after delivery, neonate deaths, episiotomies rate, oxytocin use, pain relief rate, apgar score at 5 minutes of <8, neonatal referral rate, pregnancy complications (e.g. postpartum haemorrhage, retained placenta, birth trauma), management of third stage of labour, fetal monitoring type (doptone, Pinard stethoscope), referral criteria of each institution, indication for referral, and compliance to management protocol. Objective two was to describe and compare staffing and work load, which include the number of staff per shift in the labour ward, number of deliveries per shift, level of training, number of midwives with PEP training, number of advanced midwives, and availability job description of staff in labour ward. Objective three dealt with the description and comparison of the quality of care, with specific regard to the quality of the partogram and patient satisfaction. Triangulation of data collection methods were used to ensure trustworthiness of data. To attain the objectives, stated above, the data collection methods included: monthly statistical forms for objective one, structured individual interview with unit managers and job analysis of all categories of staff in the MOU, for objective two and for objective three a structured individual interview with patients was used to determine patient's satisfaction, and an audit of the partogram, to determine quality of care. A sample of four MOUs in the Pretoria region was purposively selected, because of their unique characteristics, resembling four different types of MOUs. To achieve objective one, statistics were obtained for a twelve-month period. To attain objective two a convenient sample of unit managers of the four MOUs were used. To attain objective three, a simple random sampling was used, to select patients' records (n=50) from each MOU, a total of (n=200) 200 records were selected. Convenient sampling was done for the interviews with patients, (n= 120) and again, a further interview was held with patients who bypassed the MOUs, of a period of 2 months. The content validity of the statistical form was based on the current format used in the MOUs and according to the "Guidelines for Maternity Care in South Africa" (Department of Health). The interview guide, used for interviews with the unit managers, was structured according to the study objectives. The interview guide, used to interview the patients, was based on an instrument developed by Steyn (1998), to assess patient's satisfaction in antenatal care, and adapted for the purpose of the study. All the methods used for data collection was tested during a pilot study. Descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as Tesch's approach towards the analysis of qualitative data, was used to examine differences between the four MOUs. Within the scope of this study, the researcher does not intend to generalize the findings. Conclusion The uniqueness of the study lies in the relevance of MOUs in the provision of maternity care, as one of the priorities of National Health. Up to date, little scientific knowledge is available on the functioning of the MOUs, In the Pretoria region. This study provides valuable information for the functioning of MOUs to effectively manage resources, and improve the quality of maternal care. It may further assist midwifery educators, to embark on hands-on, training on site, approach on the management criteria of each institution, indication for referral, and compliance to management of women in labour. / Dissertation (MSc (Advanced Midwifery and Neonatal Care Nursing Science))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Nursing Science / unrestricted

This dissertation examines the success of the National Health Service in Scotland in achieving the goal of regional equality. An historical analysis provides some indication that regional disparities have characterised the Scottish Health Service in the twentieth century. The data from 1951 to 1976 demonstrate the failure of the SHS to meet the policy objective in the recent past. An output policy model is developed to facilitate an explanation of persistent regional variation. The government structure, socio-economic and health status variables successfully explain a large percentage of the variation which exists between Health Board Regions. The most powerful of the independent variables is the nature of the policy process. The evidence presented in the thesis indicates clearly that the predominant policy process in existence within the SHS over time is incrementalism.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Law, 2014. / The proposed National Health Insurance (‘NHI’) is the most extensive health policy initiative proposed by the South African government since 1994, to bridge the divide between the private and public health sectors. It is intended that the NHI will fund health care services for the entire population. Yet, despite its laudable goals, the implementation of NHI might be stalled by litigation concerning its constitutionality. In this thesis, I construct a constitutional paradigm within which such challenges can be understood. Departing from the premise that the Constitution places a positive obligation on the state to implement redistributive policies in the health sector in order to progressively realise the right to have access to health care services, the thesis identifies the tensions underlying the proposed implementation of NHI and aligns these to liberty-based and equality-based understandings of the right to health, respectively. This analysis takes place after having considered the history of health care reform in South Africa and debates on the desirability of NHI. The thesis then investigates and sets out the constitutional principles, values and standards embodied by the rights to equality, freedom and security of the person, and access to health care services, and considers the extent to which current the formulation of the proposed NHI adheres to these principles. Potential constitutional challenges to NHI by private sector interest groups are identified. These challenges are primarily concerned with adverse effects that the implementation of NHI may cause to current beneficiaries of private sector health services. It is argued that these adverse consequences will, for the most part, not justify a finding that relevant features of NHI are unconstitutional. This is either because they will not amount to an infringement of the relevant constitutional rights or because such an infringement will be capable of reasonable justification in terms of the general limitations clause. Only where the impairment of existing rights is disportionate or is related to some extraneous purpose inconsistent with constitutional rights and values will NHI not pass constitutional muster. Ultimately, the constitutionality of different features of NHI will depend on how the rights of those who already have access to health care services under the current health financing system are balanced with those who currently lack such access.