AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF JOSEPH PIERRE KEENE, for the Master of Arts degree in Administration of Justice, presented on June 9, 2009, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: An Analysis of Victim Lifestyle in Assessment of Victimization of Native-American Women MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. George Burruss Native-American women have endured victimization for five centuries. The problem of Native-American female victimization should be a topic of great concern but has not been studied very well. Dugan & Apel (2003) demonstrated that a young unmarried woman, frequently transient, living in an rural setting, having children under the age of 12, and going out every night predisposed Native-American women to violent victimization because "risk" factors were heightened and "protective" factors were jeopardized. However, this theoretical approach involved use of routine activities theory to help explain the situational context of Native-American female victimization, which possibly suggested victim blaming. Therefore, the use of lifestyle theory vs. analyzing "risk" and "protective" factors coinciding with routine activities theory was used to help explore the nature and extent of Native-American female victimization. This study used NCVS data from 2005 (n = 4252 cases; Caucasian (n = 2987), African-American (n = 522), American Indian (n = 104), Asian (n = 91), Hispanic (n = 541), Other (n = 7)) to explore the nature and extent of Native-American female victimization (U.S. Department of Justice, 2007). This analysis contributed to relevant literature in regards to Native-American female victimization by examining contributing factors that were linked to Native-American female victimization, and it also enhanced previous literature establishing the predicating factors that precipitated disproportionate statistical findings of Native-American women having the highest percentages of victimization of any race of woman in the U.S. Findings indicated that higher rates of victimization took place off tribal land more so than on tribal land for Native-American women, contrary to previous literature findings that Native-American female victims encountered higher incidents of victimization on reservations as opposed to non-reservation land (due to lack of prosecution, jurisdictional issues) (Amnesty International, 2007). Further research is needed to explore the lack of prosecution of crimes and conflicts of interest between U.S. and tribal laws in regards to their impact on the victimization of Native-American women. Furthermore, findings of Native-American women having the highest percentages of victimization of any race of woman in the U.S. have prompted further research.

<p> This exploratory qualitative study examined individuals&rsquo; self-identity and sense of belonging related to the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin and the impacts of their tribal connection as enrolled tribal members. It was believed the greater the sense of belonging and connection, the stronger the identity and the greater the impact on the community as a whole. Eight individuals with Oneida ancestry were interviewed about their Native American ancestry and membership, participation in Oneida community, sense of connection and belonging to family and community, self-identity, and congruence with Oneida ancestry and tribal enrollment. Although participants generally did not participate in formal cultural or community activities, they reported connection and belonging to their families and ancestry and self-identified as Native American. They believed their self-identities influence their desires to give back to the community. Based on this study, the Oneida community is advised to: host tribal events related to strengthening identity and building community, develop and incorporate school-age curricula and programs that support Native American identity development, and review and revise tribal membership criteria to support the sustainability and sovereignty of the tribe.</p><p>

<p> The purpose of this thesis is to provide a policy analysis of the Violence Against Women's Reauthorization Act of 2013. Specific emphasis was placed on the prevalence of sexual violence within AI/AN communities and how the legislative act provides protection for people experiencing domestic violence, dating violence, or the violation of protective orders. Specifically, this thesis used David Gil's analytic framework to evaluate the policy; its strengths and limitations, and its impact on tribal sovereignty and tribal criminal jurisdiction. The analysis shows that while VAWA 2013 has worked to restore tribal sovereignty and prevent the act of domestic violence within tribal nations, it has not gone far enough in addressing sexual violence amongst AI/AN women. As a result of discussing these issues, the project demonstrates the importance of addressing the human rights of AI/AN women living on tribal land. Implications for social work are discussed.</p><p>

During the most crucial years of the early republic (1780-1830), Jeffersonian Philanthropy saw the incorporation of the Native American into American citizenry as an ideal cornerstone for the building of the new nation. This assimilation would take many forms, yet the most discussed are intermarriage, the acceptance of Christianity, and the Native influence on the story of the nation's founding. This study examines the ways in which the literary genre of the Frontier Romance portrays, influences, and critiques Native American assimilation and interacts with political and social writing of the early republic. Intermarriage between Native and European Americans is discussed in a chapter on Rowson's Rueben and Rachel, Child'sHobomok, and Sedgwick's Hope Leslie. Christianity and the Native American is discussed in a chapter on Bleecker's The History of Maria Kittle, Brown's Wieland, Sedgewick's Hope Leslie, and the anonymously published work The Christian Indian. Lastly, the Natives role in shaping the American individual is discussed in a chapter covering Brown's Edgar Huntly, James McHenry's The Wilderness, and the third novel in James Fennimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales, The Prairie.

abstract: Much of the public discourse promoting Navajo (Diné) language revitalization and language programs takes place in English, both on and off the reservation, as in many other indigenous communities whose heritage languages are endangered. Although Navajo language is commonly discussed as being central to the identity of a Navajo person, this ideology may lie in contradiction to the other linguistic and social means Navajos use to construct Navajo identities, which exist within a wide spectrum of demographic categories as well as communities of practice relating to religion, occupation, and other activities (Field, 2009; Baker & Bowie, 2010). This dissertation examines two sets of data: 1) interviews with eight Navajo individuals whose interests, academic studies, and/or occupations relate to the promotion of Navajo language use in connection with cultural and linguistic revitalization; and 2) public statements made in online forums discussing the language used by Navajos. The interview data gathered consist of ten sociolinguistic (and open-ended conversational) interviews, culminating in over 13 hours of recorded interviews. The findings of this study show enregistered (i.e., imbued with social meaning) features of the dialect of Navajo English as well as insights into the challenges Navajos face while advocating for programs and policies supporting the teaching of their heritage language. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation English 2015

abstract: ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to describe a new school model for Dine (Navajo) learners where Dine students will experience how to apply knowledge and skills personally, meaningfully, and socially relevant to life situations through the medium of Dine language and culture maintenance. This study explored a new way to perpetuate Dine (Navajo) culture and language through a model referred to as M.A.T.S. (Mathematics, Arts, Technology, Science, the renaming of STEM and STEAM). Oohoo’aah, Na’nitin Yee nooseel Xploria, which translates to a Center for Learning, acquiring knowledge and growing through a Navajo approach to exploration) is a public charter school serving students in grades K-3. As a public charter school ONYX is to serve all of Jeddito Community, with 98% ratio of students qualifying for free and reduced lunch. ONYX will employ dedicated educators and community members with excellent work ethics who are committed to closing the achievement gap, while promoting a creative outlook on the world around them. Students will leave ONYX School with skills in Navajo Language and Culture with a foundation in M.A.T.S. ONYX School’s educational program will be driven by a belief that all learning will be academically rigorous with a well-designed curriculum to students in becoming lifelong explorers of learning and productive members of society. This will allow ONYX to stay true to the mission to promote K’e (relationship in Navajo Culture), respect for self, others, and environment, most importantly to use natural/traditional scientific skills passed on through Navajo culture. In the learning environment, there will be constant and continuous communication among administrators, teachers, parents, and community leaders. This form of instruction is also transferable to learning how to read and write in Navajo. The program will allow for students to use hands on approach with inquiry based learning with a foundation in Navajo traditional/scientific approach to learning. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Administration and Supervision 2016

<p> Canada has a long history of perpetrating violence and discrimination against Indigenous peoples, especially women. State policies and practices have systematically disenfranchised Indigenous women through mechanisms of displacement, assimilation, and marginalization. More than a century of large-scale intersectional violence has embedded complex intergenerational trauma into Indigenous families, further heightening their vulnerability. The &ldquo;public face of law&rdquo; has institutionalized the State endorsement of individual executioners of violence against Indigenous women. For decades, Indigenous peoples and human rights organizations have urged the State to recognize its active role in the violence and launch a public national inquiry. This thesis seeks to highlight the culpability of the State in the contemporary crisis of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls while reasserting the power of the Indigenous woman. My argument is that in order to restore Indigenous women to their rightful place of power and equality in society, the State must both acknowledge and take responsibility for its crimes. </p><p>

<p> Peyote beadwork is a nuanced and elegant art form. Hundreds of thousands of people today use peyote beadwork, including the Native American Church, powwow people, gourd dancers and Native Americans wanting a marker of Native Identity. Mainstream society has relegated this art form to the status of craft. It is virtually unstudied in the academic world. This paper accepts that objects so decorated are art, that is, expressions that are a means of communication among humans, and both a sacred art as well as a means of establishing cultural identity. The lack of academic study has led to hypotheses about its origin that obscure rather than reveal how it began. This paper aims to describe when and by whom the beadwork began, as well as how it was first disseminated.</p><p>

Constatant une absence de dialogue entre l'anthropologie (discours sur les sociétés dites primitives) et la pensée autochtone (discours sur les sociétés traditionnelles ) en ce qui concerne la question du politique, le projet tente de recréer un pont entre ces deux disciplines par le biais d'une analyse philosophique des sociétés sans État. L'approche comparative vise à faire entrer en relation un représentant de chaque discipline: Clastres, un anthropologue français accuse de reproduire le mythe du bon sauvage, et Deloria, un intellectuel sioux qui prétend décrire le vrai sauvage. En permettant ce dialogue entre le bon et le vrai sauvages, il en ressort l'idée que le refus d'une médiation formelle dans les sociétés a-étatiques explique à la fois la non-coercition et l'égalité. Par contre, il est fort possible que les deux auteurs se rencontrent dans une utopie semblable. Le premier pour sortir de l'Occident; le second, de la colonisation.

Cette étude traite du phénomène de la transnationalisation des luttes autochtones et tout particulièrement des relations créées entre peuples autochtones et diverses organisations dans un contexte de lutte menée contre un État. L'intérêt central de cette recherche vise à participer aux réflexions concernant la création de relations transnationales et l'utilisation d'outils transnationaux permettant une modification des rapports de force entre peuples autochtones et États. L'étude expose principalement les récits analytiques de deux luttes autochtones, soit celles menées par les Cris du Québec contre l'érection d'un barrage hydroélectrique sur la rivière Grande-Baleine et par les Lubicons de l'Alberta pour obtenir la reconnaissance et le respect de leur territoire. Dans les deux cas, ces peuples autochtones ont su transposer leur lutte du territoire national à l'espace transnational, dans l'intention d'exercer une pression sur les gouvernements pour les contraindre à modifier leurs positions.