Ho, Yun Chi Maggie. / "December 2010." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-231). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; some appendixes also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xiii / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.xviii / NOTATION --- p.xix / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Significance --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Conceptual framework of study --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Definition of terms --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- Indigenous community and nature reserves --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4 --- Opportunities of cooperating with indigenous community in conservation --- p.15 / Chapter 2.5 --- Incorporating indigenous knowledge --- p.18 / Chapter 2.6 --- Sacred natural sites as traditional conserved areas --- p.21 / Chapter 2.7 --- Challenges --- p.26 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Erosion of traditions --- p.26 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Coordination between indigenous population and conservationists --- p.31 / Chapter 2.8 --- International trend --- p.33 / Chapter 2.9 --- Local experiences in nature conservation --- p.36 / Chapter 2.9.1 --- Legislative framework --- p.36 / Chapter 2.9.2 --- Types of Protected Areas (PAs) --- p.37 / Chapter 2.9.3 --- Community involvement --- p.41 / Chapter 2.9.4 --- Privately owned land. --- p.43 / Chapter 2.10 --- Summary --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research framework --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3 --- Data collection --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4 --- Analytical approach --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Importance-performance analysis --- p.51 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Participation level assessment --- p.53 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Background of Study Sites --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2 --- Background information on Long Valley --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Geographical settings --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Demographic information --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Cultural heritages --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Agricultural history --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Avifauna diversity --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3 --- Background information on Fung Yuen --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Geographical settings --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Demographic information --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Biodiversity --- p.73 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Roles of Stakeholders --- p.78 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction : --- p.78 / Chapter 5.2 --- Current management framework : --- p.78 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Role of government --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Role of NGOs --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Role of local community --- p.97 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Role of private sector --- p.98 / Chapter 5.3 --- Summary --- p.99 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Community participation level assessment --- p.102 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.102 / Chapter 6.2 --- Community participation on the two sites --- p.103 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Long Valley --- p.103 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Fung Yuen --- p.113 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Summary --- p.125 / Chapter 6.3 --- Motivation for participation --- p.126 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Long Valley --- p.126 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Fung Yuen --- p.128 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Summary --- p.129 / Chapter 6.4 --- Identifying participation level --- p.130 / Chapter 6.5 --- Suggestions for improvement --- p.134 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Structure --- p.135 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Conservation --- p.139 / Chapter 6.5.3 --- Ecotourism --- p.144 / Chapter 6.6 --- Summary --- p.147 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Performance of MA scheme --- p.150 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction : --- p.150 / Chapter 7.2 --- Public perception --- p.150 / Chapter 7.3 --- NGOs´ة staffs --- p.160 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Involvement of locals --- p.162 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Management --- p.167 / Chapter 7.4 --- Summary --- p.172 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Sustainable ma framework --- p.175 / Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.175 / Chapter 8.2 --- Current situation --- p.175 / Chapter 8.3 --- Challenges --- p.178 / Chapter 8.3.1 --- Interest of landlords --- p.178 / Chapter 8.3.2 --- Bureaucratic problem --- p.180 / Chapter 8.3.3 --- Inadequate institutional support --- p.183 / Chapter 8.3.4 --- Development pressure --- p.185 / Chapter 8.3.5 --- Absence of ecological baseline data --- p.187 / Chapter 8.3.6 --- Rapid change of personnel --- p.188 / Chapter 8.4 --- Opportunities --- p.189 / Chapter 8.4.1 --- Adaptive management --- p.189 / Chapter 8.4.2 --- Community participation --- p.191 / Chapter 8.4.3 --- Trust fund --- p.192 / Chapter 8.5 --- Summary and suggestions for improvement --- p.194 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Conclusion --- p.199 / Chapter 9.1 --- Introduction --- p.199 / Chapter 9.2 --- Summary of findings --- p.200 / Chapter 9.2.1 --- Roles of stakeholders --- p.200 / Chapter 9.2.2 --- Community participation level --- p.202 / Chapter 9.2.3 --- Performance of MA --- p.204 / Chapter 9.2.4 --- Suggestions for improvement --- p.206 / Chapter 9.3 --- Limitations of the study --- p.208 / Chapter 9.4 --- Suggestions for future study --- p.209 / Bibliography --- p.211 / Appendices --- p.232