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A systemic approach for assessing community-based natural resource management : a case study of the Kafue Flats, Zambia.Nkhata, Bimo Abraham. January 2002 (has links)
This dissertation seeks to expose through a systemic approach the complexity and
centrality of governance in community-based natural resource management (CBNRM).
This is premised on the hypothesis that an appreciation of this complexity and of drawing
analytic distinctions between governance and management is necessary for successful
interventions. The study adopts community-based environmental governance (CBEG) as the core
heuristic variable in a conceptual framework for analysing CBNRM. The application of
this framework generates empirical evidence concerning CBNRM processes adopted in
the Kafue Flats socio-biophysical system. It is illustrated that CBNRM processes are
established and implemented in a complex context. It is observed that social actors on the
Kafue Flats usually do not constructively understand and appreciate this complexity.
Several examples are demonstrated in which the thinking and actions of these actors
reflect a limited conceptual framework of systems thinking and the inherent complexity
in CBNRM. It is illustrated that these actors do not appreciate that CBNRM is a
significant component of the governance of natural resource utilisation. This lack of
appreciation is essentially identified as a contributing factor to poor performance.
Ultimately, CBNRM processes are not only about sustainable use of natural resources;
but also the nature and quality of relationships amongst social actors in CBEG. By
drawing attention to these relationships, this study broadens our understanding of what
goes into CBNRM processes. The implications of ignoring these relationships can be
detrimental to the success of CBNRM. Accordingly, the establishment of productive
CBNRM systems depends on how firmly CBEG issues and concerns are incorporated
into CBNRM analyses and operations. Evidently, CBNRM cannot be pragmatically
pursued in rigid socio-biophysical settings. It requires systemic and structural changes in
the socio-political, economic and cultural mechanisms of CBEG. Thus, all cooperating
partners, governments included, should accept that CBEG and CBNRM are inseparable.
This understanding necessitates them to spearhead CBEG capacity building schemes at
international, national and local levels. / Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.
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An assessment of the implementation of the community environmental management programme in Zambia : a case study of Luansobe Settlement - Mufulira district.January 2004 (has links)
This dissertation comprises two components. Component A consists of background to the research and includes the problem statement, aim and objectives. It also includes the literature review, which provides details on the concept of community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) and its benefits as a participatory approach adopted in the management of natural resources. Component B is presented as a research paper that complies with the requirements of the selected journal for purposes of publication shown in appendix I. Relevant information on the purpose of the study and background to the concept of CBNRM from component A is included in component B for purposes of the research paper. It also includes research findings, analysis and conclusions of the study. CBNRM has been identified as a feasible participatory approach to natural resources management based on community needs and priorities. This research reviews the implementation of the Community Environmental Management Programme (CEMP) as a participatory approach adopted by the Zambian Government to address growing environmental concerns, with particular reference to deforestation, as a result of human activities. This study focuses on Luansobe settlement in Mufulira district, one of eight districts in which the CEMP is being implemented as a pilot project. Luansobe is located in the peri-urban area of Mufulira. The majority of the people living in the area are unemployed and live below the poverty datum line. These people are largely dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. Unfortunately, some of the activities people are engaged in are having adverse impacts on the resources, in particular forest resources. The main sources of livelihoods are charcoal production and subsistence farming, which are contributing greatly to the deforestation of the surrounding Nsato Forest Reserve. The CEMP is intended to set up institutional structures at national, district and community levels to address the problem of deforestation and the related poverty levels. This is under the premise that this situation can be improved with good management and community involvement. The study reviewed literature on the concept of CBNRM with particular reference to co-management as one form of a participatory approach with shared responsibility on the management of natural resources between government and local communities. The significance of community involvement in the use and management of forest resources is highlighted. The factors necessary for the effective implementation of joint management programmes are also highlighted and their importance in achieving conservation, community development and good governance. A case study was reviewed to show the importance of these indicators to the successful implementation of such participatory programmes. A list of indicators was compiled as the basis for the assessment of the implementation of the CEMP. A review of government documents provided background information on the establishment of the CEMP, the need for its implementation in Luansobe and the structures put in place at national, district and community levels to implement the programme. These data were supplemented by information gathered through semi-structured interviews with purposively selected key informants and workshops with local community members. Information obtained showed that the institutional structures implementing the CEMP on the ground are different from those set out in documents and are deficient of communication links among the stakeholders, especially community members. This has had negative effects on the representativeness of decisions made regarding the implementation of the programme and accountability of leaders to community members. This has further affected the implementation of projects under the CEMP intended to improve people's livelihoods through alternative sources of income that promote the sustainable use of forest resources. / Thesis (M.Sc.)- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.
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