Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed on June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Surgery, Austin Hospital, 2010. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 361- 407)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-150).

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-120) Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2006 Sep. 9.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 195 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-139). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Εισαγωγή: η οφθαλμική νεοαγγείωση αποτελεί την πρωταρχική αιτία τύφλωσης για μεγάλο εύρος ασθενειών του οφθαλμού. Ο ακριβής υποκείμενος παθογενετικός μηχανισμός της οφθαλμικής νεοαγγείωσης δεν είναι ακόμη απόλυτα κατανοητός αλλά θεωρείται, ότι η διαταραχή της ισορροπίας μεταξύ αγγειογενετικών και αντί-αγγειογενετικών παραγόντων ευθύνεται, κυρίως για την επαγωγή αγγειογένεσης. Η παρστατίνη είναι ένα πεπτίδιο 41 αμινοξέων που ελευθερώνεται μετά την πρωτεολυτική ενεργοποίηση του PAR1 υποδοχέα και περιέχει μια έντονα υδρόφοβη και μια έντονα υδρόφιλη περιοχή (αλληλουχία αμινοξέων). Πρόσφατα, αποδείχθηκε ότι η παρστατίνη είναι ένας ισχυρός αναστολέας της αγγειογένεσης. Ο σκοπός αυτής της εργασίας ήταν η ανάπτυξη ενός μοντέλου νεοαγγείωσης κερατοειδούς, για την χρήση του στην εκτίμηση της επίδρασης της παρστατίνης στην φλεγμονή και τη νεοαγγείωση του κερατοειδούς και στην διερεύνηση του λειτουργικού ρόλου της δομής της στην νεοαγγείωση. Μέθοδος: για την επαγωγή της νεοαγγείωσης του κερατοειδούς σε Sprague–Dawley ποντίκια, έγινε έγκαυμα, με στειλεούς καλυμμένους 75% με διάλυμα νιτρικού αργύρου και 25% νιτρικού καλίου (κ.β.), στο κέντρο του κερατοειδούς για 4 δευτερόλεπτα. Η παρστατίνη και τα πεπτίδια με την υδρόφοβη και την υδρόφιλη περιοχή της παρστατίνης χορηγήθηκαν υπό τον επιπεφυκότα, αμέσως μετά το χημικό έγκαυμα. Η νεοαγγείωση του κερατοειδούς εκτιμήθηκε την 7η ημέρα μετά το έγκαυμα με τη χρήση ενός ημιαυτόματου προγράμματος που αναπτύχθηκε σε MATLAB 7.5. Η πυκνότητα των νεοαγγείων και η φλεγμονώδης διήθηση επίσης εκτιμήθηκε την 7η ημέρα μετά το έγκαυμα, με ιστοπαθολογική εξέταση λεπτών τομών κερατοειδούς. Αποτελέσματα: η παρστατίνη χορηγούμενη υπό τον επιπεφυκότα ανέστειλε την νεοαγγείωση του κερατοειδούς και 200 μg ήταν η πιο αποτελεσματική δόση (αναστολή 59%). Επιπλέον η παρστατίνη ανέστειλε σημαντικά την φλεγμονώδη διήθηση του κερατοειδούς. Το πεπτίδιο που περιείχε την υδρόφοβη αλληλουχία του μορίου κατέστειλε την νεοαγγείωση με μέγιστη αναστολή 47% στην δόση των 200 μg, ενώ το πεπτίδιο που περιείχε την υδρόφιλη αλληλουχία έδειξε μέγιστη αναστολή 73% επίσης στην δόση των 200 μg. Τα αναγραμματισμένα πεπτίδια δεν έδειξαν κανένα σημαντικό αποτέλεσμα. Συμπεράσματα: η παρστατίνη και ιδιαίτερα το υδρόφιλο τμήμα της, είναι ισχυρός αναστολέας της νεοαγγείωσης του κερατοειδούς και μπορεί να αποτελέσει ισχυρή θεραπευτική στρατηγική για την αντιμετώπιση της οφθαλμικής νεοαγγείωσης / Introduction: Ocular neovascularization is the primary cause of blindness in a wide range of ocular diseases. The exact mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of ocular neovascularization is not yet well understood, but it is believed that the imbalance between angiogenic stimulating factors and angiogenic inhibitors is the major contributor to angiogenesis. Parstatin is a 41-mer peptide formed by proteolytic cleavage on activation of the PAR1 receptor and contains a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic domain. Recently it was demonstrated that parstatin is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. The purpose of the study was to develop a model of corneal neovascularization which will be used to investigate the effect of parstatin on corneal inflammation and neovascularization and to evaluate the functional role of its structure on neovascularization. Methods: Corneal neovascularization on Sprague–Dawley rats was induced with cauterization by an applicator stick, coated with 75% silver nitrate and 25% potassium nitrate, to the center of the cornea for 4 seconds. Parstatin and peptides containing the hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains of parstatin were administrated subconjunctival after the chemical burn. Corneal neovascularization was assessed the 7th day after cauterization using a semiautomatic custom software, developed in MATLAB 7.5. Corneal microvessel density and inflammatory cell infiltration was assessed also the 7th day after the burn by histopathology examination of corneal sections. Results: Subconjunctival parstatin inhibited corneal neovascularization, with 200 μg the most effective dose (59% inhibition). In addition parstatin significantly inhibited corneal inflammatory infiltration. The peptide contained the hydrophobic domains of parstatin suppressed corneal neovascularization with maximum inhibition of 47% at 200 μg, whereas the peptide contained the hydrophilic domain exhibit maximum inhibition of 73% at 200 μg. Scrambled peptides were without any significant effect. Conclusion: Parstatin and especially its hydrophilic domain, is a potent antiangiogenic agent of corneal neovascularization and may have clinical potential in the treatment of angiogenesis-related ocular disorders.

Copper ions are widely reported to have pro-angiogenic properties and can be incorporated into bone substitute bioceramics as bio-instructive cues to stimulate infiltration of blood vessels into the material after implantation. By this, the viability of bone forming cells within the scaffold (which decreases rapidly with increasing depth from the surface) could be enhanced, and the healing process (resorption and replacement of the scaffold with new, natural bone) hastened. Pure-phase copper-doped hydroxyapatite (CuHA) materials with x = 0 - 1 in the nominal formula Ca10(PO4)6CuxOy(H)z were prepared by solid state synthesis at 1100 °C. Attempted preparation of compositions with y = 0.1 and 0.5 in the nominal formula Ca10−yCuy(PO4)6(OH)2 by an aqueous precipitation method led to formation of biphasic products containing considerable amounts of β-tricalcium phosphate. Dissolution tests in TRIS buffer, cell culture medium and citric acid buffer indicated that copper ions are released from CuHA materials at concentrations that increase with copper content in the materials and soaking time, and are in a physiologically-relevant range. This offers the potential to tune copper ion release by controlling the copper content of CuHA materials. In vitro in cultures of human osteoblast-like cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), copper ions released from CuHA downregulated ALP expression in both cell types and (particularly for hMSCs) upregulated VEGF expression. In vivo, the prepared copper-containing materials had pro-angiogenic and possible inflammatory effects in the chick embryo yolk sac membrane and chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis assays. Copper ions released from beads grafted into the developing chick limb affected the integrity of developing blood vessels in the graft vicinity, causing haemorrhaging. The results suggest that the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis, perhaps through the hypoxia and NO pathways, are important for copper's biological effects, and with further investigation and careful control of dose and timing these effects may be better understood and controlled.

Cancer procoagulant (EC 3.4.22.26) is an enzyme that is derived from tumour and foetal tissue, but not normal tissue. It is a direct activator of factor X and has been isolated from amnion-chorion membranes as well as from extracts and cells from human melanoma. The presence of cancer procoagulant has been associated with the malignant phenotype, as well as having a particularly high activity in metastatic cells. Cancer procoagulant activity is elevated in the serum of early stage breast cancer patients and decreased to normal in the advanced stages of the disease. In this study, cancer procoagulant was successfully isolated from amnion-chorion membranes and purified to homogeneity. The molecular weight of cancer procoagulant was determined using SDS-PAGE and was found to be 68 kDa. Cancer procoagulant was delipidated and it was shown that its activity was increased by the presence of lipids in a dose-dependent manner. Recovery of cancer procoagulant after delipidation is poor, consequently, a larger mass of sample is required to obtain sufficient amounts of delipidated material for N-terminal amino acid analysis. The optimum pH of cancer procoagulant was determined to be pH 8 and its optimal temperature was found to be 50°C. Novel synthetic substrates were designed to assay for cancer procoagulant activity. Currently, 2 potential candidates have been identified, namely, PQVR-AMC and AVSQSKP-AMC. Cancer procoagulant-induced expression of cytokines is differently modulated in the less aggressive MCF-7 cell line as compared to the metastatic and more aggressive MDA-MB-231 cell line. There are marked similarities in the inflammatory response produced by cancer procoagulant in hTERT-HDLEC and MDA-MB-231 cells, which are both associated with migratory capacity. Furthermore, cancer procoagulant-induced PDGF-β expression in hTERT-HDLEC and MDA-MB-231 cells could point to involvement of cancer procoagulant in wound healing and metastatic spread, respectively. Cancer procoagulant induced the motility of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and hTERT- cells in vitro in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that cancer procoagulant plays a role in the migration of breast cancer cells as well as the migration of endothelial cells.