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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Loss of inversin contributes to renal cystic disease through altered cellular processes and decreased sodium transport in renal epithelial cells

Kulkarni, Nalini H. 05 1900 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Type II nephronophthisis (NPHP2) is an autosomal recessive renal cystic disorder characterized by mutations in the inversin gene. Humans and mice with mutations in inversin have enlarged cystic kidneys. Increased kidney size in NPHP2 may involve altered cell growth, apoptosis, electrolyte transport and fluid accumulation in the cysts. To test this hypothesis, histology and transcriptome analysis were performed on one-day old wild-type and inv/inv mice to uncover molecular pathways altered in the mutant mice. Histology of inv/inv mice kidneys showed dilated cystic tubules compared to wild type. Pathway analysis of transcriptome data showed that inversin exerts its effects on kidneys, at least in part, through the transcriptional regulation of genes implicated in inflammation, immune response, cellular metabolism, cell cycle and ion transport. Genes involved in inflammation or immune response were upregulated whereas the genes involved in cell cycle progression and ion transport were downregulated. To validate the array findings from inv/inv mice kidneys, functional consequence of inversin loss on transepithelial ion transport was measured by electrophysiological techniques in shRNA mediated inversin-depleted renal cell type isolated from mouse cortical collecting duct (mCCD). Depletion of inversin decreased vasopressin-induced Na+ absorption, but did not alter Cl- secretion in mCCD cells. Addition of amiloride, a specific blocker of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), abolished basal ion transport in both inversin knockdown and control cells indicating ENaC involvement. Loss of inversin decreased Na+ absorption and this effect, in part, was mediated by transcriptional and post-translational regulation of ENaC mediators. To better understand inversin function in renal cells, transcriptome analysis was performed in control and inversin-depleted mCCD cells. Pathway analysis showed that inversin-depletion altered the genes represented in cell cycle, cellular assembly and organization, DNA replication, cell proliferation and ion transport in this isolated renal cell type. In concordance with the array data from inv/inv mice kidneys, a decrease in the expression of cell cycle, ion transport and apoptotic genes were observed accompanied by an upregulation of genes implicated in inflammatory or immune response indicating a direct effect of inversin on renal cells. Together, this study utilized a combination of transcriptome and functional analyses to unravel the role of inversin in renal cells. These data demonstrate that loss of inversin can cause a delay in cell cycle progression with a decrease in cell proliferation and apoptosis which in turn can perturb the development of the renal tubule. Also, a decrease in Na+ reabsorption together with differential regulation of other ion transporters can result in altered electrolyte transport contributing to cystogenesis, cyst growth, fluid accumulation and cyst expansion in NPHP2.
2

Rôle du complexe protéique NPHP1/NPHP4/RPGRIP1L impliqué dans la néphronophtise et les ciliopathies associées, dans la morphogenèse épithéliale, la polarité cellulaire et la ciliogenèse / Role of the protein complex NPHP1/NPHP4/RPGRIP1L involved in Nephronophthisis and associated ciliopathies, in epithelial morphogenesis, cell polarity and ciliogenesis

Gaudé, Helori-Mael 28 November 2012 (has links)
La néphronophtise (NPH) est une néphropathie tubulo-interstitielle chronique de transmission autosomique récessive. Elle représente la cause génétique la plus fréquente des insuffisances rénales terminales de l’enfant et du jeune adulte (5 à 10%). Elle se caractérise au niveau histologique par des anomalies des membranes basales tubulaires, une fibrose interstitielle massive et par l’apparition tardive de kystes à la jonction cortico-médullaire. Dans 40% des cas, la NPH est associée à des atteintes extra-rénales, notamment oculaires, cérébelleuses ou osseuses, définissant de nombreux syndromes (Senior Løken, Joubert, Jeune, etc). Sur la quinzaine de gènes responsables de la maladie, sept ont été identifiés au laboratoire : NPHP1, NPHP4, NPHP8/RPGRIP1L, NPHP11/MKS3, NPHP12/TTC21B, NPHP13/WDR19 et IFT140. Les protéines codées par ces gènes forment des complexes moléculaires principalement localisés au niveau des jonctions cellulaires et du cil primaire des cellules épithéliales rénales, classifiant la NPH et les syndromes associés dans le groupe des "ciliopathies". Mes travaux de thèse se sont intégrés au projet de recherche de l'équipe, centré sur l'étude des mécanismes pathophysiologiques à l'origine des lésions observées dans la NPH. Pour cela, nous avons développé des modèles de cellules tubulaires rénales (MDCK, IMCD et HEK293), et des modèles animaux (souris et poisson zèbre en collaboration avec l'équipe de Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury UMR7622). Je me suis particulièrement intéressé à l'analyse des phénotypes cellulaires et à la caractérisation des voies de signalisation perturbées dans les cellules épithéliales rénales invalidées pour les gènes NPHP1, NPHP4 et NPHP8/RPGRIP1L. Les protéines codées par ces gènes forment un complexe au niveau du cil primaire et des jonctions cellulaires. J'ai participé à définir le rôle crucial de ces protéines dans l’établissement des jonctions serrées par leur interaction avec les protéines de polarité, la morphogénèse épithéliale en culture 3D et la ciliogenèse. De plus, j'ai mis en évidence que l'absence de ces protéines entraîne des anomalies de migration et d'adhésion cellulaires s’accompagnant d’une activation anormale des protéines Rho GTPases (Cdc42, Rac1 et RhoA) et d’une réorganisation du cytosquelette d’actine. J'ai par ailleurs montré que le complexe NPHP4/inversine/RPGRIP1L régule finement l'expression et la localisation de Dishevelled, élément clé des voies Wnt canonique et Wnt/PCP, dans les cellules rénales. Ceci est en accord avec les défauts de polarité planaire observés dans le pronéphros du poisson zèbre et dans le rein de la souris, après invalidation des gènes Nphp4 ou Rpgrip1l. L'ensemble de ces résultats a permis de mieux comprendre le rôle moléculaire et cellulaire des néphrocystines et les mécanismes pathophysiologiques aboutissant aux altérations retrouvées chez les patients telles que la fibrose interstitielle rénale et la formation de kystes. / Nephronophthisis, a hereditary nephropathy characterized by interstitial fibrosis and cyst formation, is caused by mutations in NPHP genes encoding the ciliary proteins called nephrocystins. We investigate the function of nephrocystin-1, -4 and -8, in vitro and in vivo in mammalian kidney cells and in zebrafish respectively. Depletion of either NPHP1 (N1-KD), NPHP4 (N4-KD) or RPGRIP1L (RPGRIP1L-KD) by shRNA-mediated knockdown in MDCK cells led to abnormal ciliogenesis, delay in tight junction formation and disorganized structures in 3D culture. Moreover NPHP4 modulates the Wnt pathways during morphogenesis of the zebrafish pronephros and in mammalian kidney cells in which NPHP4 interacts with inversin and dishevelled, regulating its stability and its subcellular localization. Rpgrip1l is required for dishevelled stabilization at the cilium base and is necessary for polarized positioning of motile cilia of the zebrafish floor plate and sensory hair cells of the mouse cochlea. In either N1-KD or N4-KD cells, we also showed an over activation of Cdc42 and RhoA, downstream targets of dishevelled. This was accompanied by actin cytoskeletal disorganization, enhanced spreading on collagen, over-activation of proteins that regulate focal adhesion structures i.e p130cas-Pyk2 and increased cell migration. Interestingly, the stable expression of dominant negative form of Cdc42 in knockdown cells rescued the migration and the 3D phenotypes. In parallel, we observed that loss of Nphp4 in mice caused cystic tubular dilatation after subtotal nephrectomy correlated with alteration of ciliogenesis and over activation of Cdc42 and RhoA. Our data show a role of nephrocystins in epithelial cell organization and kidney morphogenesis in particular in regulation of focal adhesion, tight junction, ciliogenesis via dishevelled stability.

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