Gao, Si. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-85). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Abstract (in Chinese) --- p.iv / List of Abbreviations --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.vii / Table of Contents --- p.ix / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Cancer --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- Chemotherapy --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3. --- Cisplatin --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4. --- Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5. --- Mechanisms of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5.1. --- Apoptosis in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5.2. --- MAPK activation in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5.3. --- Oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity --- p.8 / Chapter 1.6. --- Polyphenols --- p.10 / Chapter 1.7. --- Anthocyanins --- p.10 / Chapter 1.8. --- Rose --- p.11 / Chapter 1.9. --- Cyanidin --- p.12 / Chapter 1.10. --- Objectives of this project --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Materials and Methods --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1. --- Materials --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2. --- Cell culture --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3. --- Drug treatment --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4. --- MTT assay --- p.16 / Chapter 2.5. --- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay --- p.16 / Chapter 2.6. --- TUNEL assay and DAPI staining --- p.17 / Chapter 2.7. --- Flow cytometric analysis --- p.17 / Chapter 2.8. --- Determination of caspase-3 activity --- p.18 / Chapter 2.9. --- Measurement of ROS generation --- p.18 / Chapter 2.10. --- Evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential --- p.19 / Chapter 2.11. --- Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet Assay) --- p.19 / Chapter 2.12. --- Western blot analysis --- p.20 / Chapter 2.13. --- Statistical analysis --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Results --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1. --- Cyanidin attenuates cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Cytotoxicity induces by cisplatin in HK-2 cells --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Rose extract attenuates cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and LDH leakage --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1.3. --- Cyanidin attenuates cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and LDH leakage --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1.4. --- Cyanidin did not affect cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in Hela cell --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2. --- Cyanidin rescues HK-2 cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Cisplatin induces cell apoptosis in HK-2 cells --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Rose extract rescues HK-2 cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- Cyanidin rescues HK-2 cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3. --- Cyanidin suppresses cisplatin-induced activation of caspase and cleavage of PARP --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Cisplatin induces activation of caspase-3 --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Rose extract suppresses cisplatin-induced activation of caspase-3 --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Cyanidin suppresses cisplatin-induced activation of caspase-3 --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.4. --- Rose extract suppresses cisplatin-induced caspase activation and PARP cleavage --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.5. --- Cyanidin suppresses cisplatin-induced caspase activation and PARP cleavage --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4. --- Cyanidin rescues HK-2 cells from cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfuntion by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Cyanidin prevents cisplatin-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (A^m) --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Cyanidin regulates the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins to prevent cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction --- p.44 / Chapter 3.5. --- Cyanidin reduces cisplatin-induced apoptosis by suppressing the activation of p53 --- p.46 / Chapter 3.6. --- Cyanidin inhibits ROS-mediated DNA damage in HK-2 cells --- p.48 / Chapter 3.6.1. --- Cyanidin prevents cisplatin-induced DNA damage --- p.48 / Chapter 3.6.2. --- Cyanidin inhibits cisplatin-induced accumulation of ROS --- p.48 / Chapter 3.7. --- "Cyanidin suppresses cisplatin-induced apoptosis by activation of AKT, JNK and ERK" --- p.52 / Chapter 3.7.1. --- Cisplatin activates ERK and AKT pathways --- p.52 / Chapter 3.7.2. --- Cyanidin suppresses cisplatin-induced activation of MAPKs and AKT pathways --- p.52 / Chapter 3.7.3. --- AKT and ERK Inhibitors attenuates cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells --- p.53 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Discussion --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1. --- Cell model and cisplatin treatment --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2. --- Cisplatin nephrotoxicity and its renoprevention --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3. --- Rose extract prevents cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Rose extract prevents cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Rose extract inhibits cisplatin-induced caspase activation and PARP cleavage --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4. --- Cyanidin prevents cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4.1. --- Cyanidin will not affect cisplatin-induced cell death in HeLa cells --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4.2. --- Cyanidin prevents cisplatin-induced apoptosis by inhibiting caspase activation and PARP cleavage in HK-2 cells --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4.3. --- Cyanidin prevents the cisplatin-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential by regulating Bcl-2 proteins in HK-2 cells --- p.67 / Chapter 4.4.4. --- Cyanidin suppresses cisplatin-induced total and phosphorylated p53 activation --- p.68 / Chapter 4.4.5. --- Cyanidin prevents the cisplatin-induced overproduction of intracellular ROS and subsequent DNA damage in HK-2 cells --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4.6. --- Cyanidin suppresses the cisplatin-induced activation of MAPKs and AKT pathways in HK-2 cells --- p.71 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Conclusion --- p.74 / References --- p.77