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Studies on the Secondary Metabolites from the Soft Corals Nephthea erecta, Lobophytum durum, and Sarcophyton ehrenbergiCheng, Shi-Yie 02 March 2009 (has links)
In order to search for novel bioactive compounds, we have investigated the
secondary metabolites of the soft corals Nephthea erecta, Lobophytum durum,
and Sarcophyton ehrenbergi. Chemical examinations on the organic extracts
of N. erecta, have resulted in the isolation of six new sesquiterpenoids (1-6),
a new calamenene-type sesquiterpene with a mercaptan group, erectathiol (7),
a new tri-nor-eudesmadienone (8), two known sesquiterpenoids (9 and 10),
one novel seco-germacrane sesquiterpene (11), three unexpected artificial
19-oxygenated steroids (12-14), as well as twelve new polyhydroxylated
steroids (15-26). Furthermore, twelve new cembranolids, durumolides A-L
(27-38), three unprecedented hemiketal cembranoids, durumhemiketalolides
A-C (39-41), six previously described cembranolids (42-47), together with
one known metabolite, peridinin (48), were isolated from the acetone extracts
of L. durum. Chemical investigation of S. ehrenbergi, has led to the isolation
of a known ceramide (49), two new cerebrosides, sarcoehrenosides A (50) and
B (51), along with three previously characterized cerebrosides (52-54). The
structures of the isolated metabolites were elucidated through extensive
spectroscopic analyses, while the relative stereochemistry of 10 and 44 were
further confirmed by X-ray diffraction analyses. Moreover, the absolute
configurations of 24, 25, 29, 34, 38, and 43-45 were established by
application of modified Mosher¡¦s method. The cytotoxicities, antibacterial
activities, anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibition assay of HCMV (human
cytomegalovirus) endonuclease activities of these isolated metabolites were
evaluated in vitro.
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Genomic Analyses of the Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequences of Five Alcyonacea CoralsChen, Chun-ting 29 August 2007 (has links)
Corals are the dominant species of the coral reefs. The diversity of species is classified by traditional morphological traits, especially relied on the calcious deposits-sclerites. The formation of sclerites may be affected by the environmental conditions; therefore, some controversies may exist. The ambiguities may be clarified with molecular approaches. Five soft coral species, Lobophytum pauciflorum, Sinularia leptoclado, Sinularia flexibilis, Sarcophyton sp., Nephthea erecta were chosen for this study. The total mitochondrial DNA sequences were determined by PCR and primer walking. The genome contains 18562 bp, 18732 bp, 18752 bp, 18806 bp, 18716 bp separately, which harbors 14 protein-coding genes (ATP6¡BATP8¡BCOI¡BCOII¡BCOIIII¡BCYTB¡BND1¡BND2¡BND3¡BND4¡BND4L¡BND5¡BND6¡BMSH), 2 rRNA and only 1 tRNA genes. The phylogenetic relationship of alcyonacea corals were analyzed and compared with published sequences. The possibility of using a short ¡§DNA bar-code sequence¡¨ of the mitochondria as an alternative for species identification may be feasible. We found the short DNA signature sequences for these five corals. They may speed up the identification of corals in the long run.
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