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Functions of nogo in the development of mouse retinofugal pathway. / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collectionJanuary 2005 (has links)
Nogo is well established for its inhibitory action on axon regeneration in the adult central nervous system. It binds to the Nogo receptor (NgR) through an extracellular active site on the protein-Nogo-66. Although it is reported that Nogo is widely expressed in the developing brain, its exact function during development of the nervous system is unclear. / The contribution of Nogo on patterning the axon routing at the optic chiasm of mouse embryo was investigated in this thesis. Using immunocytochemical staining, Nogo protein was localized on the Miller glial cells in the retina and at the optic disk. A few migrating retinal neurons also expressed Nogo. In the chiasm, Nogo was localized exclusively on the radial glia, which generate a midline domain where turning of uncrossed axons occurs. In vitro study showed expression of NgR on retinal neurites and growth cones, and neurite outgrowth from both dorsal nasal (contralaterally projecting) and ventral temporal (ipsilaterally projecting) retina was inhibited by Nogo. In the pathway, NgR expression was regionally regulated. NgR was obvious in the optic stalk and the optic tract, but not in the chiasm. Blocking Nogo function with NEP1-40, a peptide antagonist of NgR, in brain slice culture of the pathway produced significant reduction in the uncrossed projection, but had no effect on axon crossing at the midline. Furthermore, the age related fiber arrangement in the optic tract was abolished after disturbing of Nogo function. Similar abnormalities were observed in slices treated with Nogo blocking antibody. In vitro studies showed that NEP1-40 rescued the inhibition of Nogo to the retinal neurites. The downregulation of NgR at the chiasm was supported by in vitro assays showing significant reduction of receptor expression on dorsal nasal but not ventral temporal growth cones when they encountered the chiasm, thus generating a differential inhibition to ventral temporal neurites. / These results provide evidences that Nogo is a guidance molecule during the development of CNS. Interaction of Nogo and its receptor plays important role for patterning the axon divergence in the mouse optic pathway and the age related fiber order in the optic tract. / Wang Jun. / "September 2006." / Adviser: Sun-On Chan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1474. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-142). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.
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Factors influencing retinal axon pathfinding in developing mouse retinofugal pathway.January 2008 (has links)
Chan, Chung Kit. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-110). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract in Chinese --- p.iv / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Abbreviations --- p.vi / Table of Contents --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Functions of hyaluronan in the development of retinofugal pathway / Introduction --- p.18 / Materials and Methods --- p.19 / Results --- p.23 / Discussion --- p.26 / Figures --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Characterization of Nogo and its receptor in retinofugal pathway using Western blot analysis / Introduction --- p.40 / Materials and Methods --- p.42 / Results --- p.50 / Discussion --- p.52 / Figures --- p.57 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Expression patterns and functions of Sonic hedgehogin retinofugal pathway / Introduction --- p.62 / Materials and Methods --- p.64 / Results --- p.69 / Discussion --- p.76 / Figures --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- General Discussion --- p.91 / Figures --- p.95 / References --- p.98
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The role of RhoA interacting proteins in the Nogo signalling pathway of axon outgrowth inhibition /Alabed, Yazan Z., 1979- January 2009 (has links)
Regrowth in the lesioned central nervous system is impeded by inhibitory molecules including myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Inhibitory molecules engage neuronal cell surface receptors and activate the small GTPase RhoA in injured neurons to mediate neurite outgrowth inhibition through targeted modifications to the cytoskeleton. Inhibition of RhoA with the ribosyltransferase C3 attenuates neurite outgrowth inhibition in vitro and in vivo but the ubiquitous expression and multifunctionality of RhoA may limit the specificity of therapeutic RhoA antagonists. The hypothesis of the thesis is that molecules that functionally interact with RhoA to mediate myelin-dependent inhibition may represent more specific targets for therapeutic intervention. We have explored the contribution of two RhoA interacting proteins to the neurite outgrowth inhibitory effects of MAIs. In Chapter 2 we describe the contribution of the rho effector, Rho kinase (ROCK) to MAI responses in neurons. In Chapter 3 we identify the cytosolic phosphoprotein CRMP4b (Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 4b) as a novel RhoA binding partner that mediates neuronal responses to CNS inhibitors. By structure function analysis we have developed a molecular antagonist of CRMP4b-RhoA binding that promotes neurite outgrowth on inhibitory substrates in vitro and has the potential to be a potent and specific molecular therapeutic for spinal cord injury. In Chapter 4 we identify glycogen sythase kinase 3b (GSK3b) as an important kinase in the MAI pathway that regulates protein interactions with RhoA. This thesis provides insights into the signal transduction machinery that is engaged in response to CNS inhibitors and suggests several novel therapeutic targets to promote axon regeneration following CNS injury.
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The role of RhoA interacting proteins in the Nogo signalling pathway of axon outgrowth inhibition /Alabed, Yazan Z. January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
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"Estudo experimental comparativo entre auto-enxerto convencional e pré-degenerado na reconstrução de nervo" / Comparative experimental study between fresh and predegenerated autografts in nerve reconstructionChaves Neto, Guilherme Lins de Vasconcelos 25 July 2006 (has links)
Para avaliar a eficácia do método de pré-degeneração em nervos ciáticos de ratos durante diferentes intervalos de tempo, foram realizados estudos histomorfométricos de cortes laminares obtidos ao nível do enxerto e no segmento distal do nervo receptor. Os resultados foram comparados com a técnica convencional de enxertia nervosa. Verificou-se que o tempo de pré-degeneração interfere na regeneração de novos axônios e que o período mais adequado para sua utilização situou-se ao redor de 2 semanas no modelo experimental adotado / In order to evaluate the efficacy of a predegeneration method in rat sciatic nerves during different periods of time, histomorphometric studies were performed at the graft and distal segment sites of the recipient nerves. The results were compared with the conventional nerve grafting technique. It was shown that the period of predegeneration interfered in the regeneration of new axons and the most favorable time for its use is around 2 weeks, in this experimental model
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Estudo experimental comparativo entre enxerto de nervo convencional e enxerto de nervo preservado a frio / Experimental comparative study between conventional nerve graft and cold preserved nerve graftMesquita, Isanio Vasconcelos 27 September 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A reparação das lesões de nervos periféricos com perda extensa de substância, onde a sutura direta não é viável, ainda apresenta nos dias atuais resultados variáveis e dependentes de diversos fatores. O tratamento mais comumente utilizado nestes casos é a auto-enxertia de nervos, com sacrifício de um nervo de outra região do corpo, procedimento que, entretanto, pode trazer algumas dificuldades e consequências. Desta forma, a busca por novas técnicas, como a possibilidade de utilização de nervos preservados em baixas temperaturas, representa um avanço inestimável no campo da reparação de lesões nervosas. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar avaliações funcionais, eletrofisiológicas e histomorfométricas que permitam comparar a regeneração nervosa autógena em enxerto convencional versus enxerto preservado a frio, em modelo experimental de ratos, após denervação a fresco ou conservação de um segmento do nervo em baixa temperatura por 14 dias e por 50 dias. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 20 ratos Wistar de peso e idades aproximadamente iguais, divididos em quatro grupos de cinco animais. Os grupos 1 e 3 serviram de controle respectivamente para os grupos 2 e 4, utilizando enxertia de nervo convencional por 14 dias (grupo 1) e por 50 dias (grupo 3). O grupo 2 utilizou enxertia de nervo preservado a 4 graus Celsius em solução Celsior® por 14 dias, enquanto o grupo 4 foi submetido à preservação a frio na mesma solução por 50 dias. Foram realizadas análises funcionais da marcha, análises de potenciais evocados e análises histomorfométricas dos animais em diversos momentos. As análises funcionais utilizaram uma aparelhagem própria para estudo da marcha em pequenos animais de experimentação, denominada catWalk®, que fornece medidas estáticas e dinâmicas da marcha, com parâmetros como a pressão em relação à pata contralateral e a área máxima da impressão plantar do animal, tendo sido captados os dados antes do procedimento de retirada do enxerto e após a realização da enxertia, neste último caso com avaliações quinzenais até que tenham sido completados 60 dias de pós- operatório. As análises de potenciais evocados motores analisaram a latência e a amplitude dos estímulos nervosos e foram realizadas 60 dias após os procedimentos de enxertia. As análises microscópicas observaram a contagem de axônios mielinizados e a área destas fibras nervosas nas regiões proximal e distal aos reparos, aos 60 dias após os procedimentos, comparando também as relações entre a região distal e proximal de cada um destes parâmetros através dos índices de regeneração e mudança de área. RESULTADOS: A enxertia com nervo preservado a frio por 14 dias apresentou resultado funcional semelhante ao seu grupo controle na análise da área máxima de contato e da pressão máxima de contato da pata operada em todas as avaliações. Já a conservação do enxerto a frio por 50 dias resultou em superioridade funcional em todos as avaliações em relação a seu grupo controle. Os estudos eletrofisiológicos mostraram cada grupo de enxertia preservada a frio com resultados similares a seu grupo controle, tanto em relação à latência, quanto à amplitude nos dois músculos avaliados. As análises histomorfométricas resultaram em índices de regeneração e de mudança de área semelhantes na comparação entre os grupos 60 dias após os procedimentos de enxertia. CONCLUSÕES: A conservação a frio do enxerto de nervo durante 14 dias e durante 50 dias apresentou resultados funcionais da regeneração iguais ou superiores aos enxertos convencionais e resultados eletrofisiológicos e histológicos semelhantes aos respectivos grupos controle de enxertos convencionais, demonstrando um futuro promissor para a utilização clínica de enxertos preservados a frio em um \"banco de nervos\" / INTRODUCTION: The repair of peripheral nerve injuries with extensive loss of substance, where direct suture is not feasible, at the present time still has variable results and dependence on many factors. The treatment most commonly used in these cases is the nerve autograft, with sacrifice of a nerve from another region of the body. This procedure, however, can sometimes lead to some difficulties and consequences. Therefore, the search for new techniques such as the possibility of using cold preserved nerves, is a great advancement in the field of repairing nerve damage. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to perform functional, electrophysiological and histomorphometric evaluations to compare conventional autografts versus cold-preserved autografts of the sciatic nerves of rats, after fresh denervation or conservation of a nerve segment at low temperature for 14 days and 50 days. METHODS: 20 Wistar rats of approximately equal ages and weight were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals. Groups 1 and 3 were treated with a conventional nerve graft after denervation for 14 days and 50 days, respectively; they served as controls for groups 2 and 4, which were treated with cold-preserved nerve grafts immersed in a Celsior® solution at 4 degrees Celsius for 14 and 50 days, respectively. Functional gait analysis, evoked potential analysis and histomorphometric analysis of the animals were performed at different times. Functional analysis used equipment for gait study in small animal experiments, called catWalk®, which provides static and dynamic measurements, with parameters such as pressure relative to contralateral paw and the maximum area of the footprint of the animal, and these data were captured before the graft withdrawal procedure and after grafting, in this latter case the functional analysis was made every 15 days until they had been completed 60 days after surgery. The motor evoked potential analysis examined the latency and amplitude of nerve stimuli and was made 60 days after the grafting procedures. The microscopic analysis measured myelinated axons and the area of these nerve fibers in the proximal and distal regions to the repair sites at the end of 60 days after the procedures, also comparing the relationship between the distal and proximal regions of each of these parameters through the regeneration and area change rates. RESULTS: Cold preservation of nerve graft for 14 days showed functional results similar to those of its control group for the maximum contact area and for the maximum pressure intensity of the operated paw in all evaluations. Cold preservation of nerve graft for 50 days resulted in functional superiority in all assessments compared with its control group. Cold preservation of nerve graft for 14 days and 50 days showed electrophysiological results similar to those of their respective control groups, both in terms of latency, as to the amplitude in the two muscles evaluated. Histomorphometric analysis showed similar regeneration and area change rates for all the groups 60 days after the grafting procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The cold preservation of nerve grafts for 14 days and 50 days showed similar or superior functional results and similar electrophysiological and histological results compared with their respective conventional graft control groups, indicating a promising future for the clinical utilization of cold preserved grafts in a \"nerve bank\"
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Estudo experimental comparativo entre enxerto de nervo convencional e enxerto de nervo preservado a frio / Experimental comparative study between conventional nerve graft and cold preserved nerve graftIsanio Vasconcelos Mesquita 27 September 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A reparação das lesões de nervos periféricos com perda extensa de substância, onde a sutura direta não é viável, ainda apresenta nos dias atuais resultados variáveis e dependentes de diversos fatores. O tratamento mais comumente utilizado nestes casos é a auto-enxertia de nervos, com sacrifício de um nervo de outra região do corpo, procedimento que, entretanto, pode trazer algumas dificuldades e consequências. Desta forma, a busca por novas técnicas, como a possibilidade de utilização de nervos preservados em baixas temperaturas, representa um avanço inestimável no campo da reparação de lesões nervosas. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar avaliações funcionais, eletrofisiológicas e histomorfométricas que permitam comparar a regeneração nervosa autógena em enxerto convencional versus enxerto preservado a frio, em modelo experimental de ratos, após denervação a fresco ou conservação de um segmento do nervo em baixa temperatura por 14 dias e por 50 dias. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 20 ratos Wistar de peso e idades aproximadamente iguais, divididos em quatro grupos de cinco animais. Os grupos 1 e 3 serviram de controle respectivamente para os grupos 2 e 4, utilizando enxertia de nervo convencional por 14 dias (grupo 1) e por 50 dias (grupo 3). O grupo 2 utilizou enxertia de nervo preservado a 4 graus Celsius em solução Celsior® por 14 dias, enquanto o grupo 4 foi submetido à preservação a frio na mesma solução por 50 dias. Foram realizadas análises funcionais da marcha, análises de potenciais evocados e análises histomorfométricas dos animais em diversos momentos. As análises funcionais utilizaram uma aparelhagem própria para estudo da marcha em pequenos animais de experimentação, denominada catWalk®, que fornece medidas estáticas e dinâmicas da marcha, com parâmetros como a pressão em relação à pata contralateral e a área máxima da impressão plantar do animal, tendo sido captados os dados antes do procedimento de retirada do enxerto e após a realização da enxertia, neste último caso com avaliações quinzenais até que tenham sido completados 60 dias de pós- operatório. As análises de potenciais evocados motores analisaram a latência e a amplitude dos estímulos nervosos e foram realizadas 60 dias após os procedimentos de enxertia. As análises microscópicas observaram a contagem de axônios mielinizados e a área destas fibras nervosas nas regiões proximal e distal aos reparos, aos 60 dias após os procedimentos, comparando também as relações entre a região distal e proximal de cada um destes parâmetros através dos índices de regeneração e mudança de área. RESULTADOS: A enxertia com nervo preservado a frio por 14 dias apresentou resultado funcional semelhante ao seu grupo controle na análise da área máxima de contato e da pressão máxima de contato da pata operada em todas as avaliações. Já a conservação do enxerto a frio por 50 dias resultou em superioridade funcional em todos as avaliações em relação a seu grupo controle. Os estudos eletrofisiológicos mostraram cada grupo de enxertia preservada a frio com resultados similares a seu grupo controle, tanto em relação à latência, quanto à amplitude nos dois músculos avaliados. As análises histomorfométricas resultaram em índices de regeneração e de mudança de área semelhantes na comparação entre os grupos 60 dias após os procedimentos de enxertia. CONCLUSÕES: A conservação a frio do enxerto de nervo durante 14 dias e durante 50 dias apresentou resultados funcionais da regeneração iguais ou superiores aos enxertos convencionais e resultados eletrofisiológicos e histológicos semelhantes aos respectivos grupos controle de enxertos convencionais, demonstrando um futuro promissor para a utilização clínica de enxertos preservados a frio em um \"banco de nervos\" / INTRODUCTION: The repair of peripheral nerve injuries with extensive loss of substance, where direct suture is not feasible, at the present time still has variable results and dependence on many factors. The treatment most commonly used in these cases is the nerve autograft, with sacrifice of a nerve from another region of the body. This procedure, however, can sometimes lead to some difficulties and consequences. Therefore, the search for new techniques such as the possibility of using cold preserved nerves, is a great advancement in the field of repairing nerve damage. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to perform functional, electrophysiological and histomorphometric evaluations to compare conventional autografts versus cold-preserved autografts of the sciatic nerves of rats, after fresh denervation or conservation of a nerve segment at low temperature for 14 days and 50 days. METHODS: 20 Wistar rats of approximately equal ages and weight were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals. Groups 1 and 3 were treated with a conventional nerve graft after denervation for 14 days and 50 days, respectively; they served as controls for groups 2 and 4, which were treated with cold-preserved nerve grafts immersed in a Celsior® solution at 4 degrees Celsius for 14 and 50 days, respectively. Functional gait analysis, evoked potential analysis and histomorphometric analysis of the animals were performed at different times. Functional analysis used equipment for gait study in small animal experiments, called catWalk®, which provides static and dynamic measurements, with parameters such as pressure relative to contralateral paw and the maximum area of the footprint of the animal, and these data were captured before the graft withdrawal procedure and after grafting, in this latter case the functional analysis was made every 15 days until they had been completed 60 days after surgery. The motor evoked potential analysis examined the latency and amplitude of nerve stimuli and was made 60 days after the grafting procedures. The microscopic analysis measured myelinated axons and the area of these nerve fibers in the proximal and distal regions to the repair sites at the end of 60 days after the procedures, also comparing the relationship between the distal and proximal regions of each of these parameters through the regeneration and area change rates. RESULTS: Cold preservation of nerve graft for 14 days showed functional results similar to those of its control group for the maximum contact area and for the maximum pressure intensity of the operated paw in all evaluations. Cold preservation of nerve graft for 50 days resulted in functional superiority in all assessments compared with its control group. Cold preservation of nerve graft for 14 days and 50 days showed electrophysiological results similar to those of their respective control groups, both in terms of latency, as to the amplitude in the two muscles evaluated. Histomorphometric analysis showed similar regeneration and area change rates for all the groups 60 days after the grafting procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The cold preservation of nerve grafts for 14 days and 50 days showed similar or superior functional results and similar electrophysiological and histological results compared with their respective conventional graft control groups, indicating a promising future for the clinical utilization of cold preserved grafts in a \"nerve bank\"
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"Estudo experimental comparativo entre auto-enxerto convencional e pré-degenerado na reconstrução de nervo" / Comparative experimental study between fresh and predegenerated autografts in nerve reconstructionGuilherme Lins de Vasconcelos Chaves Neto 25 July 2006 (has links)
Para avaliar a eficácia do método de pré-degeneração em nervos ciáticos de ratos durante diferentes intervalos de tempo, foram realizados estudos histomorfométricos de cortes laminares obtidos ao nível do enxerto e no segmento distal do nervo receptor. Os resultados foram comparados com a técnica convencional de enxertia nervosa. Verificou-se que o tempo de pré-degeneração interfere na regeneração de novos axônios e que o período mais adequado para sua utilização situou-se ao redor de 2 semanas no modelo experimental adotado / In order to evaluate the efficacy of a predegeneration method in rat sciatic nerves during different periods of time, histomorphometric studies were performed at the graft and distal segment sites of the recipient nerves. The results were compared with the conventional nerve grafting technique. It was shown that the period of predegeneration interfered in the regeneration of new axons and the most favorable time for its use is around 2 weeks, in this experimental model
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