Orientador: Jose Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Resumo: Neste trabalho, propõe-se uma nova metodologia para abordar de forma integrada os problemas de restauração automática e sequenciamento de operação de abertura e fechamento de chaves em redes de distribuição de grande porte. Na literatura os problemas de restauração e sequência de chaveamentos são normalmente considerados de forma separada e sequencial, em que o resultado do algoritmo de restauração é o dado de entrada para o algoritmo que gera a sequência de chaveamento. A inconsistência com esta abordagem é que não necessariamente o resultado convencional do algoritmo de restauração (conjunto de chaves que devem ser manobradas), é o melhor dado de entrada para o algoritmo que elabora o sequenciamento ótimo de abertura/fechamento das chaves. Isso porque quando ambos os problemas são resolvidos separadamente, eles possuem funções objetivos diferentes. O problema de restauração tem por objetivo minimizar a quantidade de carga desconectada com o menor número de chaveamentos possíveis, enquanto que o problema de sequenciamento de chaves tem o objetivo de reduzir a energia não suprida no sistema durante um evento de falta permanente. Uma nova abordagem baseada na meta-heurística de Busca Tabu com Vizinhança Variável Reativa é proposta para explorar o espaço de busca do problema em análise, simultaneamente com uma nova heurística para gerar a sequência de chaveamento em sistemas de grande porte com milhares de nós de carga. A existência em operação na rede de controle de equipament... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this work, a new methodology is proposed to address, in an integrated approach, the automatic restoration problem and the switching sequence problem for large scale distribution networks. In the literature, the restoration and switching sequence problems are usually addressed separately and sequentially. Thus, the result of the distribution restoration algorithm is the initial data for the switching sequence algorithm. The inconsistency with this approach is that, not necessarily the conventional result of the restoration algorithm (a set of switches to be maneuvered) is the best initial data for the switching sequence algorithm. It is explained by the fact that both problems have different objective functions. The distribution restoration problem aims to minimize the amount of disconnected load with the fewest number of possible switching, whereas the switching sequence problem aims to minimize the energy not supplied in the network after a permanent fault. A new approach based on the Tabu Search with Reactive Variable Neighborhood meta-heuristic is proposed to explore the search space of the problem, along with a new heuristic to generate the switching sequence in large size distribution systems with thousands of load buses. The presence of voltage control devices, as switched capacitors and voltage regulators, are considered to improve the quality of solutions. The presence of distributed generation with black start capability is also considered. The cold load pick up c... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Lors de la réalimentation des auxiliaires d’une tranche nucléaire, l’étape la plus à risque est la remise sous tension brusque du transformateur à cause des surtensions. Dans un soucis perpétuel d’amélioration de la modélisation de ces transitoires, les modèles et techniques doivent évoluer. Le but de ces travaux de thèse est de proposer de nouvelles méthodologies permettant d’évaluer les paramètres mal connus de la modélisation. Lors des mises sous tension des lignes électriques, une méthodologie s’appuyant sur l’identification (optimisation ou techniques issues du traitement du signal) permet de déterminer les paramètres variables de la modélisation. Cependant, un des paramètres influents pour les surtensions est le flux rémanent. Face aux problèmes actuels rencontrés pour l’estimer (méthode non directe, dérive, …), une nouvelle méthode basée sur la mesure des flux de fuites du circuit magnétique est proposée. Des mesures réelles utilisant des capteurs de technologie « fluxgate » sont réalisées et permettent d’estimer le flux rémanent. / During the re-energization of the auxiliaries of a nuclear power plant, the more dangerous step is the re-energization of the power transformer, because of the temporary overvoltages. In order to improve the transient modeling, models and techniques may be improved. The purpose of this thesis is to suggest new methodologies to identify the uncertain parameters of the model. When the line re-energization occurs, an identification methodology (optimization or methods using signal processing) allows determining the model variable parameters. However, one of the most important parameters in the overvoltages is the residual flux. Given the actual problems found on estimation strategies (no direct method, derivation,…), a new method established for the leakage flux measurement of the magnetic circuit is proposed. Real measurements using « fluxgate » technology sensors were realized, permitting to estimate the residual flux.