A Bonner Sphere neutron spectrometer for low background environment was developed. The spectrometer consists of a 3He neutron detector, eight high density polyethylene spheres with size ranging from 5-inch to 12-inch and two Lead shells with thickness 1cm and 2 cm, which is used to increase the detect efficiency at high energy range. The dead time of the spectrometer is about 3.7 microseconds, which is mainly contributed by the extended TTL signal from the DAQ. The background of 3He detector is measured in CJPL which is the deepest underground laboratory in the world. The detector background is 15.50 × 10-4 ± 8.1 × 10-5 counts per second. The responses of Bonner Spheres were obtained by Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation. The responses were verified by a 241AmBe neutron source in HKU. A genetic algorithm unfolding program(GA) was developed and tested by unfolding the 241AmBe neutron source. The background neutron in HKU Observatory was measured by the spectrometer and unfolded by GA s. The unfolded neutron flux is (56.84 ± 6.01) × 10-4 s-1 cm-1 by NSUGA version 3 and (56.43 ± 2.53) × 10-4 s-1 cm-1from NSUGA_FORTRAN. Another unfolding program "Equalizer" with different algorithm, by scaling a initial guess spectrum, was also used to unfold the background spectrum in HKU Observatory. The unfolded neutron flux from "Equalizer" is (51.69 ± 2.79) × 10-4 s-1 cm-1. The neutron flux from three unfolding programs agree with each other. The measurement was repeated in Daya Bay EH1 and the results were used to unfold the background neutron spectrum. The unfolded spectrum flux was (34.50 ± 3.13) × 10-5 s-1cm-1from NSUGA version 3, (35.13 ± 1.45) × 10-5 s-1cm-1 from NSUGA_FORTRAN. The unfolded neutron fluxes from GA s agree with each other. However the shape of spectra shows a chaotic pattern in low energy region. The unfolded neutron flux from "Equalizer" is (30.85 ± 1.95) × 10-5 s-1c m-1. The unfolding programs show a dominant thermal neutron peak, a tiny (α, n) peak and a small cosmic-ray neutron peak. The Bonner Spheres Spectrometer has flaws due to the geometry and the nature of unfolding process. Some ideas are suggested to minimize the effect from the error sources. / published_or_final_version / Physics / Master / Master of Philosophy

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The mean energy per neutron for neutrons leaving a dense, laser compressed plasma was calculated. A discrete ordinates multigroup neutron transport code (ANISN) was used to calculate the energies and fluxes of the neutrons from the D(T, ⁴He)n reaction. A variety of constand density, core-burning compressed plasmas were considered. The mean neutron engergy was found to be a function of the product pR and a function of r/R, where R is the compressed plasma radius. A detailed thermonuckear burn in a microsphere was calculated at various time intervals by ANISN. The pR product for the sphere was 4.4 g /cm². The neutron density weighted mean energy per neutron was found to be 9.8 MeV.

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Graduation date: 2006

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