Abstract Background Even though the topic of shared leadership has been thoroughly investigated throughout recent years in research, limited literature has focused on this process in the context of new ventures. Moreover, to the knowledge of the authors of this paper, no previous literature has explored how shared leadership evolves as new ventures go through the different phases of the entrepreneurial process, and new members join the team. Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the functioning and practice of shared leadership within new venture teams, and to explore if, how and why shared leadership evolves throughout the life cycle of new ventures as the size of the entrepreneurial team changes. Method This study adopted a qualitative approach. A total of nine semi-structured interviews (six co-founders from different new ventures and three new employees) were conducted and transcribed. The collected data was analyzed using template analysis, presented in the empirical findings, discussed in relation to the frame of reference in the discussion, and finally summarized in the conclusion. Conclusion Shared leadership continues to be essential throughout all of the phases of the entrepreneurial process. In the ideation phase, shared leadership is necessary as the different co-founders have different skills and experiences, and different individuals took charge at different times based on their expertise. Shared leadership continued to be essential in the start-up phase as new employees were hired to fill the knowledge-gaps in the new ventures. As the size of the new ventures was still rather small, it was still possible to involve most of the employees in the decision-making. As the size of the new ventures increased and they reached the growth phase, organizational restructuring was necessary and shared leadership was exercised in a different manner. A management team utilized shared leadership to take over-all decisions, the members of the management teams oversaw functional teams, and in those functional teams, shared leadership was utilized.

Yes / Although literature on entrepreneurship has increasingly focused on intention-based models, not much emphasis has been laid on understanding the combined effect of contextual and situational factors along with support of university environment on the formation of entrepreneurial intention among students. In an effort to make up for this shortfall, by taking Theory of Planned Behavior as basic framework, the present study seeks to understand the influence of three of the most important factors, viz. (a) endogenous barriers, (b) exogenous environment, and (c) university environment and support on the entrepreneurial intention among management students. The study sample consisted of 1,097 students, wherein 526 students were from India, 252 from Singapore, and 319 were from Malaysia. The results indicates that along with positive attitude and perceived behavioral control that directly influences entrepreneurial intention, university environment and support and exogenous environment also have an indirect but significant impact on shaping of entrepreneurial intention among students. With this, it was found that exogenous environment was found to have a negative relationship with both attitude towards behavior and perceived behavioral control for all three countries. / The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 2 Jun 2018.

Problem: The development of new ventures has been an issue of keen interest to the society. This is due to the fact that it enhances the socio-economic development of the society by creating jobs and also filling the gaps in the market. However, it is of interest to note that most people do not follow a business planning process when they are starting up a new venture. This may be due to the fact that they do not have any knowledge in a business planning process at the period of business initiation. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to give an individual or an organization a clear direction of a business planning process in a new venture development. Method: A qualitative research method with a deductive approach was used to conduct this research. A primary and secondary data was collected from 4 organizations and were used to find out the possible steps of business planning process. Frame of Reference: The theoretical spheres that were utilized in this thesis consisted of business planning process from authors that had a sequential approach to business planning for a new venture development. Conclusion: The authors derived a model for business planning process in a new venture development that can be a recommendation to individuals or organizations starting up a new business because it provides a step by step direction in business planning to stay competitive in the market.

Problem: The development of new ventures has been an issue of keen interest to the society. This is due to the fact that it enhances the socio-economic development of the society by creating jobs and also filling the gaps in the market. However, it is of interest to note that most people do not follow a business planning process when they are starting up a new venture. This may be due to the fact that they do not have any knowledge in a business planning process at the period of business initiation. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to give an individual or an organization a clear direction of a business planning process in a new venture development. Method: A qualitative research method with a deductive approach was used to conduct this research. A primary and secondary data was collected from 4 organizations and were used to find out the possible steps of business planning process. Frame of Reference: The theoretical spheres that were utilized in this thesis consisted of business planning process from authors that had a sequential approach to business planning for a new venture development. Conclusion: The authors derived a model for business planning process in a new venture development that can be a recommendation to individuals or organizations starting up a new business because it provides a step by step direction in business planning to stay competitive in the market.

There is a known fact that prosperity of new ventures will benefit the economy as a wholein a positive manner and therefore the economy should strive to create more new ventures. Steiner (2007) shows in his article that, one way out of unemployment is to venture intoself-employment. Whilst men venturing into self-employment have been quite stable overthe years, female entrepreneurs have drastically increased. Further, female entrepreneurshipis a way out from poverty, which goes towards equality for a nation (Eftimoski, 2006;Minniti, 2003). There exist an importance to study the in depth factors that correlates withthe female decision making process of venturing into self-employment. The authorsidentified a lack of research focusing on differences in motivation between unemployedwomen and employed women who started their own businesses. The purpose of this thesis is to find and compare the motivational factors for unemployedand employed women to take the decision of venturing into self-employment. The authorswant to understand the significance of previous studies and developed theories in applianceto previously unemployed and employed females venturing into self-employment withinJonkoping municipality, Sweden. Around this area, there is a great reputation of strongentrepreneurial spirit (Wigren, 2003). This qualitative study did not aim to generalize the results to a whole population, but ratherto understand the researched individual’s choices when taking the step into self-employment.Since this thesis wishes to find out incentives and motivations for thedecision of females going into self-employment, in-depth interviews with 10 self-employedwomen has been conducted to deeper the understanding of these events. A multiple casestudy was used in order to find common motivational factors for women to enter self-employment. The main results of this thesis showed that there were differences in motivational factorsfor unemployed and employed women when deciding to become self-employed. The mostvisible motivational factor for the unemployed females to enter self-employment was theactual unemployment. However for the employed women, the biggest motivational factorswere disagreement with management and not being able to develop, in combination with abusiness opportunity. There were also no signs of monetary reward, impacting upon thefemale’s decision to venture into self-employment.

Entrepreneur is the destructor of present mechanism, but entrepreneur also can be the value creator of company. If company can make good use of the energy of the entrepreneur, entrepreneur will create enormous value for the company. So how to manipulate the power of entrepreneur becomes an important issue. This article discusses this issue from a perspective of Corporate Venture Capital. According to the independent-unit characteristic of CVC, start-up can avoid rigid bureaucracy and culture. The whole value creation process is as follows: Through CVC, parent company supports entrepreneur to build up business, and parent company will receive strategic value when start-up succeeds. There are two kinds of strategic value; one is the purpose of investment plan, another one is the activation of Corporate Entrepreneurship. As we know, when the core element of investment plan is entrepreneur, the plan is basically different from other plans. The essence of the investment plan which is based on the power of entrepreneur is Corporate Entrepreneurship. The definition of CE in this article is the process in which company makes use of individual entrepreneurship under the common vision to do innovative activities to create strategic value for the organization. In other words, from CVC perspective, the managing model of CE is the new venture growth model. CVC can follow the new venture growth model to support entrepreneur to build up business, and the success of start-up can return strategic value to parent company and promote the Corporate Entrepreneurship of parent company. After the discussion of the ecosystem, culture and investment cases of IC design industry in Taiwan, we interview three professional in CVC area to get further details. Then we build the new venture growth model for company to make good use of the power of entrepreneurs.

<p>There is a known fact that prosperity of new ventures will benefit the economy as a wholein a positive manner and therefore the economy should strive to create more new ventures.</p><p>Steiner (2007) shows in his article that, one way out of unemployment is to venture intoself-employment. Whilst men venturing into self-employment have been quite stable overthe years, female entrepreneurs have drastically increased. Further, female entrepreneurshipis a way out from poverty, which goes towards equality for a nation (Eftimoski, 2006;Minniti, 2003). There exist an importance to study the in depth factors that correlates withthe female decision making process of venturing into self-employment. The authorsidentified a lack of research focusing on differences in motivation between unemployedwomen and employed women who started their own businesses.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to find and compare the motivational factors for unemployedand employed women to take the decision of venturing into self-employment. The authorswant to understand the significance of previous studies and developed theories in applianceto previously unemployed and employed females venturing into self-employment withinJonkoping municipality, Sweden. Around this area, there is a great reputation of strongentrepreneurial spirit (Wigren, 2003).</p><p>This qualitative study did not aim to generalize the results to a whole population, but ratherto understand the researched individual’s choices when taking the step into self-employment.Since this thesis wishes to find out incentives and motivations for thedecision of females going into self-employment, in-depth interviews with 10 self-employedwomen has been conducted to deeper the understanding of these events. A multiple casestudy was used in order to find common motivational factors for women to enter self-employment.</p><p>The main results of this thesis showed that there were differences in motivational factorsfor unemployed and employed women when deciding to become self-employed. The mostvisible motivational factor for the unemployed females to enter self-employment was theactual unemployment. However for the employed women, the biggest motivational factorswere disagreement with management and not being able to develop, in combination with abusiness opportunity. There were also no signs of monetary reward, impacting upon thefemale’s decision to venture into self-employment.</p>

<p>Problem: The development of new ventures has been an issue of keen interest to the society. This is due to the fact that it enhances the socio-economic development of the society by creating jobs and also filling the gaps in the market. However, it is of interest to note that most people do not follow a business planning process when they are starting up a new venture. This may be due to the fact that they do not have any knowledge in a business planning process at the period of business initiation.</p><p>Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to give an individual or an organization a clear direction of a business planning process in a new venture development.</p><p>Method: A qualitative research method with a deductive approach was used to conduct this research. A primary and secondary data was collected from 4 organizations and were used to find out the possible steps of business planning process.</p><p>Frame of Reference: The theoretical spheres that were utilized in this thesis consisted of business planning process from authors that had a sequential approach to business planning for a new venture development.</p><p>Conclusion: The authors derived a model for business planning process in a new venture development that can be a recommendation to individuals or organizations starting up a new business because it provides a step by step direction in business planning to stay competitive in the market.</p>

<p>Problem: The development of new ventures has been an issue of keen interest to the society. This is due to the fact that it enhances the socio-economic development of the society by creating jobs and also filling the gaps in the market. However, it is of interest to note that most people do not follow a business planning process when</p><p>they are starting up a new venture. This may be due to the fact that they do not have any knowledge in a business planning process at the period of business initiation.</p><p>Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to give an individual or an organization a clear direction of a business planning process in a new venture development.</p><p>Method: A qualitative research method with a deductive approach was used to conduct this research. A primary and secondary data was collected from 4 organizations and were used to find out the possible steps of business planning process.</p><p>Frame of Reference: The theoretical spheres that were utilized in this thesis consisted of business planning process from authors that had a sequential approach to business planning for a new venture development.</p><p>Conclusion: The authors derived a model for business planning process in a new venture development that can be a recommendation to individuals or organizations starting up a new business because it provides a step by step direction in business planning to stay competitive in the market.</p>

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