No description available.

No description available.

Abstract: While the end of apartheid in South Africa brought the end of state repression and formal apartheid censorship of the press, new mechanisms have come to replace the old. Market-driven English daily newspapers continue, through a series of new filters, to limit, shape, and censor ideas for the benefit of the elite private and public sectors. The manufactured, one-dimensional, pro-market world view that results restricts both freedom and democracy. As South Africa enters its second decade of democracy, with new freedoms and civil liberties, further evaluation of this relationship between the media, the state, and the market becomes increasingly vital. The ‘Propaganda Model’ as laid out by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky, in their book, Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media (1988, updated 2002) represents a significant analysis of media performance in a democracy. The authors question basic premises of democracy and the free press. According to Herman and Chomsky, the US media “serve, and propagandise on behalf of, the powerful societal interests that control and finance them.” This qualitative and quantitative study demonstrates that propaganda and media control continues today within South African English daily newspapers. To prove this argument, this paper examines how three South African newspapers cover forestry, terrorism, and the New African Partnership for African Development (NEPAD) over a two-year period. The quantitative study surveyed 1797 articles and examined the use of sources quoted and revealed censorship of alternative voices. The qualitative analysis examined the vested interests and various players have in a pro-market, censored representation of NEPAD, the forestry industry, and terrorism. The study revealed that capitalism and the resulting interlocking capital of board members, newspaper owners, advertisers, and the government, cause newspapers to engage in self-censorship and exclusion of threatening voices to advance the interests of the elite.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University

Report (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. M.S. 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-54). Also available via the Internet.

A strategic planning tool has been developed to help a firm in the North American newsprint industry decide whether to expand its capacity. This tool can also be used as an industry model, to forecast capacity decisions under various conditions. Key features of the model are the explicit consideration of the interdependence between firms and the recognition of the lumpiness of capacity expansion. Individual firms and groups of firms are modelled. All firms are assumed to determine their best capacity option taking into consideration the capacity decisions of other firms. The model uses an open loop Nash equilibrium concept to solve the capacity expansion problem. Firms also simultaneously determine their profit-maximizing production in each year, given their capacities. Demand functions for each year are specified, and demand scenarios may be subject to uncertainty. The model was applied to the newsprint industry for the 1979 to 1983 time period. The top five firms in the industry were modelled as individual firms. The next eight firms were modelled as two groups of four identical firms. The behaviour of the fringe (i.e., the remaining 20% of total industry capacity) was forecast exogenously. Historical firm and industry capacities, production levels and prices were compared to model simulations under three different assumptions for firm objectives: profit maximization, market share maximization subject to a profitability constraint, and maximization of expected utility assuming exponential utility functions for all firms (with different assumptions about attitudes of firms towards risk). The constrained market share maximization hypothesis best explained observed behaviour. Multiple equilibria were often computed and methods for addressing this problem were discussed. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

Extension of pulp and paper raw material base by increased utilization of hardwood species is one reasonable approach to the solution of the world fiber shortage problem. This is particularly so if mechanical pulp with adequate mechanical and optical properties can be produced from fast-growing hardwoods which have not been used to any great extent in the past as a raw material. Laboratory studies reported in this thesis were carried out to assess the response of Gmelina arborea Roxb., a hardwood grown extensively in Nigeria, to mechanical pulping. In this work, both open discharge and simulated thermo-mechanical refiner groundwood pulps were produced. In the latter case, the effect of chemical pretreatment with both sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide was also evaluated. It was found that while open discharge and standard thermo-mechanical treatments resulted in mechanical pulp with inferior properties, the treatment of chips of Gmelina arborea Roxb. with a 1% sodium hydroxide solution at 250DF (121°C) for 10 minutes prior to open discharge refining resulted in a mechanical pulp having mechanical and optical properties comparable to and, in certain aspects, better than those of stone groundwood used in North American newsprint. The behaviour of this chemically pretreated refiner pulp from Gmelina in admixture with softwood kraft was also investigated. It was found that the properties of newsprint furnish handsheets containing mixtures of Gmelina mechanical pulp and West Coast semi-bleached kraft (SBK) compared favourably with those of handsheets produced from typical West Coast newsprint furnishes, thus indicating the possibility of using chemically pretreated Gmelina thermomechanical pulp (TMP) with reduced amounts of softwood SBK. To cover the situation for a fully integrated mill, a brief study was included to assess the response of Gmelina to kraft cooking, and to evaluate the behaviour of this pulp in admixture with Gmelina mechanical pulp. As expected, the kraft pulp from Gmelina was significantly weaker, mechanically, than North American kraft pulps and its deficiencies were clearly evident in the properties of mixed furnish handsheets. It was concluded, from this part of the study, that newsprint containing both its chemical and its mechanical pulp components from Gmelina would require excessively large proportions of Gmelina chemical pulp and still exert a limiting influence on paper machine speed and subsequent printing operations because of its strength deficiencies. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

No description available.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the creative process behind Southland Paper Mills, the South's first newsprint factory. The thesis describes the conditions leading to the need for southern newsprint. It then chronicles, through the use of company records, the difficult challenges southern newsprint pioneers faced. The thesis follows the company history from the gem of an idea during the mid 1930's through the first decade of the Southland's existence. The paper concludes with the formative years of the company in the 1940's.

This thesis discusses the recycling of old newspapers into fresh newsprint. The thesis includes an introduction and chapters on solid wastes, recycling paper fiber, the newsprint paper industry, recycling newsprint, alternate uses of refuse including old newspapers, legislation, and a conclusion.