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Thesis (M.A.)--Duquesne University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-47).

Ethnic conflict is a persistent and vexing problem for the world today. The intercommunal violence during these conflicts not only significantly alters the social and spatial geography in these regions for decades, but also frequently involves external actors who magnify the social conflict. It is within the urban areas that the impacts of violence are often most acute and deleterious to the once functioning system. Ethnic conflict transforms many urban areas into “divided cities” in which barricades and armed posts dominate the landscape. With this paradigm of conflict in mind, the overarching purpose of this dissertation is two-fold: 1) to examine how and why certain peaceful societies devolve into intercommunal conflict, and 2) to outline how ethnic conflict ultimately, and often irreparably, transforms an urban area into a “divided city.” In this dissertation, Nicosia, the ethnically divided capital of Cyprus, serves as the primary case study used to illustrate the process of social devolution from ethnic conflict to a militarily fortified urban division. The three main research questions are asked concerning Nicosia’s division. 1) What historic factors contributed to the progression and intensification of the social and spatial cleavages that appear in the urban landscape today? 2) To what extent is the urban divide diagnostic of the overarching ethnic conflict on Cyprus? 3) How is Nicosia’s urban division similar to or different from other “ethnically” divided cities and how might this comparison help further the general understanding of the causes and consequences of these entities? These three questions help frame Nicosia within the context of the larger social conflict on Cyprus as well as assist in developing linkages with other divided cities. As articulated throughout this study, Nicosia is a “model” divided city that typifies how the historically-laden process of ethno-territorial polarization can manifest itself in the physical and social geography of a contested region. In the end, divided cities epitomize the “worst-case-scenario” outcome of ethnic conflict and once the urban divisions take root, they prove exceptionally challenging to remove from the social and physical landscape. / text

No description available.

This study explores and reiterates the significance carried by the notions of place, multiplicity and experience in the approaches to the study of architecture, in the shaping of cultures, and in the construction of urban (hi)stories and topographies. The research aims to reveal the existence of a transcultural space constituting the cosmos of Nicosia, capital city of the late medieval and renaissance Kingdom of Cyprus. It is argued that the natural and built environment of the city simultaneously witnessed as well as constructed this highly obscure space, whose elusive nature has not been sufficiently or comprehensively researched thus far. The purpose of this study is to unearth numerous attempts at reconciliation by medieval civilizations, and to comprehend their repeated efforts at bringing in parallel existence and understanding adjacent, but seemingly oppositional or even confrontational, cultures and spaces. / The method used engages a re-interpretation of Nicosia's urban space by means of a scholarly narrative, defined as a comprehensively annotated telling of citizens' experiences through the city. While maintaining that it is this telling which better exposes the city's character, past findings on the architecture, topography, and urban experience of Nicosia are concurrently examined, some of them accepted and others re-proposed. Different architectural and ethical realities for the city, as well as varied urban and social identities, emerge as possibilities for pondering only after the superimposition of scientific findings on an interweaving web of experiences, on the remarkably phenomenal world of medieval urban space.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Liverpool, 1979. / Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 367-415).

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Liverpool, 1979. / Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 367-415).

Η παρούσα εργασία έχει ως σκοπό να διερευνήσει τις οικολογικές συνθήκες που επικρατούν στην πόλη της Λευκωσίας σε σχέση με την ευδοκίμηση των ξυλωδών ειδών της (δέντρα και θάμνοι), την ικανότητα προσαρμογής των διαφόρων ειδών στις ιδιαίτερες οικολογικές συνθήκες της πόλης, την εξάπλωση των ξενικών ειδών, τη διατήρηση της υπάρχουσας ή την ανάπτυξη νέας βλάστησης, καθώς και να διατυπώσει προτάσεις για ένα σχεδιασμό του πρασίνου των αστικών χώρων, επί νέων και με σύγχρονη οικολογική αντίληψη βάσεων. / -