The right of women to exert a choice regarding their reproductive behaviour is a fundamental right within the context reproductive rights. Reproductive rights and health encompass the exertion of individual choice but also adequate, safe and accessible health care services. Within this framework, the right to abortion and the right to access to safe abortion services is an integral part of reproductive rights and health. Reproductive rights and the right of women to choose the outcome of their reproductive behaviour, came to the foreground in terms of population policies and programmes that were concerned with rapid population growth. The widespread use of contraception and family planning programmes and the outcomes thereof, led to a focus on the rights of women in totality as well as the personal exertion of their choices. It is important to investigate the reasons that lead women to make a decision to terminate a pregnancy. In terms of demographics, answers are provided in terms of statistical rankings and weightings but no focus is given to the personal situations, circumstances and experiences of women. This is crucial to be able to determine the reasons for women terminating a pregnancy as reasons and sets of reasons are intricately linked within primary and secondary relationships. No reason stands in isolation to another, and a holistic view of a woman’s true and personal reality is required to understand why some women choose to terminate their pregnancy and other choose an alternate outcome. / Dissertation (MA (Demography))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Sociology / unrestricted

Nurturing both a family and career can be an exhausting, draining and frustrating challenge. It is often a conflicting struggle to balance the responsibilities of motherhood and the workplace. Even though roles within the family and workplace are in a constant state of change, it is still expected of women to be primarily responsible for family matters. This qualitative study attempted to focus on the perceptions, experience and meaning that the mother has on the influence of her family dynamics in the context of her life, on her productivity at DaimlerChrysler, through descriptive research. Focus group interviews were utilized as a data collection method. The researcher made use of an interview schedule guiding the interviews. The population consisted of 110 working mothers and a sample of 30 respondents was used. Although all 30 respondents confirmed, workload prevented them from attending the group sessions. Three focus group interviews were held with 17 respondents. In the first group six respondents attended, the second group consisted of another six and the third group had five respondents all from DaimlerChrysler Services in Centurion. Data was transcribed from tape recordings of the interviews with the necessary consent from respondents. An in depth literature study was launched after data collection to ensure objectivity and no preconceived perceptions. The research focused on two aspects during the literature study namely the systems in which the working mother is involved and part of, and productivity in the workplace. Five themes were identified during the data analysis. The researcher came to the conclusion that family dynamics do have an influence on the productivity of the working mother, but within DaimlerChrysler the influence is not as visible. / Dissertation (MSD (Employee Assistance Programme))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted

The discourse fuses philosophy and architecture through the application of the six concepts of contemporary architecture as identified by Bernard Tschumi. The six concepts are used as the topic for six chapters of this discourse: Technologies of defamiliarisation Events: the turning point Crossprogramming Superimposition The mediated metropolitan shock De-structuring The discourse is a journey of establishing an unfamiliar solution within the intended precinct for the 2010 World Cup Soccer development, in the City of Tshwane. At each level, the study is a critical assessment of the development strategy. Interrogating the quiet, comforting solutions of the conventional community. The purpose of the approach is to ensure that the precinct development is successful at advancing society, through the creation of new infrastructure facilities towards the north and establishing a corridor of development towards the city center. The development precinct faces numerous challenges. The greatest is that of having no built context on which to reflect. A diagrammatic context is stipulated by using the guidelines for the real life framework of the 2010 soccer development. The diagram is then enriched by using precedent studies. Ultimately, the discourse aims at creating a language for the project. The building is to contain these clues in order to establish a context for the next generation of buildings. The language of the building is informed by the study of numerous precedents and more specifically the radical tectonic. The priority given to space and events is enriched by a reconsideration of the constructional and structural modes by which it is achieved. The expressive potential of the building becomes increasingly important. The project is about facilitating the development of sport. The scope of the facilities include an administration building that hosts the formal events, a centre for the rehabilitation of sports related injuries and a centre for the performance of sport. The development is different from other sporting developments, as it is promoting a healthy lifestyle for all. The facilities use the sports grounds as an extension of its programme, and as public space to integrate the sports related developments into the community and the surrounding urban fabric. / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Architecture / unrestricted

It is argued that together with improved protection structures and energy dissipation systems, a favourable pilot position with sufficient support and restraint could reduce fatalities in aviation accidents. In this document the crash response of three different pilot positions are compared to justify the proposal of supporting a pilot in the rather unusual prone position. The normal seated and supine pilot positions have already been adopted and implemented in various aircraft. The occupant’s response to specified crash scenarios in these two positions was compared to that of a pilot in the prone position. To obtain the best prone pilot support configuration, different concepts were considered during the analysis. A dynamic event simulation program called ADAMS was used to perform the analysis and existing injury criteria and a study of common causes of aviation fatalities and human body tolerance limits were used to compare the results. Additionally, methods to improve survivability of a pilot in the prone position during likely accidents were investigated with ADAMS. Concepts for the Exulans fuselage layout and energy absorption systems were proposed and recommendations for the pilot support system were derived from the results. / Dissertation (MEng (Aeronautical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted

This study focuses on the social interactions that occur during group music therapy between children who have mental and physical handicaps and the music therapist. It also examines the interactions that occur in a daily institutional family context between children who have mental and physical handicaps and their adult group leader. The aim is to investigate what role music therapy might play within an institutional family with persons who have diverse disabilities and how music therapy could adapt to become more relevant for the institutional context. This study examines the parallels between interactions in group music therapy and in the daily institutional family context. The setting for this study is at Little Eden, which is a residential home for children and adults who have profound mental and physical handicaps. A qualitative research perspective is adopted for this study and it is based on two data sources involving video footage: descriptions of a musical activity in a group music therapy session with three children from Little Eden and descriptions of interactions that take place in the daily institutional environment at Little Eden. This study does not seek to ‘prove’ that parallels exist, but to describe and understand the ways in which meaningful moments of interaction in group music therapy parallel meaningful interaction between disabled members in an institutional family. The findings of this study show that group music therapy does not need to adapt but could offer a more qualitative mode of interacting that possibly Little Eden or other institutions would like to see more of. This study also highlighted some differences and similarities in interactions between disabled children in group music therapy and in the daily institutional context. / Dissertation (MMus (Music Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Music / unrestricted

During the period January 2002 to November 2003 surveys were made of the Nile crocodile population in the Flag Boshielo Dam, Mpumalanga. The aim of these surveys was to estimate the size of the population and to determine the population structure based on size. The double-survey method was used to estimate the number of individual crocodiles in the population. The density in terms of biomass was compared to results of other studies on Nile crocodile populations in Africa. The size of every crocodile observed during spotlight counts and aerial surveys were estimated. This was used to group individual animals together in predetermined size classes. The number of crocodiles in each size class was expressed as a percentage of the total and used to establish the population structure. The entire shoreline of the Flag Boshielo Dam was divided into 14 segments using easily recognisable reference points. The number of times that crocodiles were observed per size class in each segment was entered into an Excel spreadsheet. The spreadsheet functions allowed for the number of crocodiles observed per segment to be expressed as a percentage of the total number of animals seen. The GPS locations of every crocodile counted during night-counts were plotted on a GIS map of the Flag Boshielo Dam. Maps showing the dispersal patterns of crocodiles in the Flag Boshielo Dam could thus be compiled. The number of times that crocodiles were observed per size class in each segment of shoreline over the total study period was noted and entered into a spreadsheet and grouped together by size class. Once grouped in this way, the frequency at which crocodiles were observed per segment of shoreline were determined and expressed as a percentage of the total number of animals seen, per size class, over the study period in that particular area. The data contained in the spreadsheet was manipulated to group together data of the colder months (May - August) and to group data together from the warmer months (January - April and September - December). The extent of any seasonal variation in dispersal of crocodiles in the Flag Boshielo Dam was determined by comparing the sets of data. A total of 13 crocodiles were captured and VHF transmitters attached to their tail scutes. A further 2 crocodiles were captured and had GPS/GSM transmitters attached to the nuchal scales directly behind their heads. Radio tracking of these animals was done to establish their daily movements and to try and evaluate the size of their territories. The distribution data of the radio-tagged crocodiles were plotted and analysed with the ArcView 3.2 GIS software package. Range use analysis was achieved by using the Spatial Analyst Extension of ArcView 3.2 together with the Animal Movement Analysis extension. Nest surveys were done each year from 2000 to 2004. Attempts were made to measure a number of environmental parameters at each identified nest. These included the estimated total length of the nesting female, the length of the hindfoot print (HF), the distance from the nest to water, the height of the nest above the water, the incline of the shoreline, estimated exposure of the nest to sunlight, height and species of vegetation near the nest and the type of substrate. / Dissertation (MSc (Wildlife Management))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

The primary crushing circuit at Premier Diamond Mine was simulated to improve operating costs and diamond recovery. Due to surges in certain feed streams a dynamic simulation was done. The applicability of the general-purpose simulator, Siman 4, for simulating a metallurgical plant is evaluated in this work. Due to the constraints of a discrete dynamic simulation the streams of material had to be divided into streams of entities (1 ton, 10 ton blocks of material) each with its own attributes. Because of these constraints the screen model, which is based on the model of Karra, and the crusher model, which is based on the Simon-Whiten model, had to be mathematically manipulated to allow the size distributions to be described by two attributes. These adjusted models were tested by comparing them with the plant data. After satisfactory validation of the plant model, it was used to predict alternatives plant operations. This included different screen aperture sizes, closed side settings for the crushers, tonnages and operating practices for the shuttle conveyor. The success of this method of simulation indicates that it could be used to simulate other metallurgical plants. This means that mining companies that have already invested in general-purpose simulators can use them to simulate their metallurgical operations. / Dissertation (MEng (Metallurgical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering / unrestricted

Accurate crushing and screening models are essential for the meaningful simulation of ore dressing plants such as the iron ore beneficiation plant studies in this work. Crushing and screening models were studies, developed and enhanced. The basic simulator used was Microsim, which was subsequently expanded to incorporate these new models. The models were then evaluated individually. The Whiten crushing model was modified for haematite, as this is a particularly hard ore. A new model was developed for the gyradisc crushing of haematite, with two interparticle breakage mechanisms taking place in the crushing chamber. The gyradisc model has only the crusher closed side setting as parameter. Both models showed good agreement with experimental data. The Karra screen model was enhanced to include the use of ‘poly’ decks and non-square screen apertures, as used on the plant. The Rose efficiency model was developed to use efficiencies from plant data or experiments. The Rose model showed a better relative accuracy than the entirely empirical enhanced Karra model. The screen models developed can be used for different ores but the crushing models are not transferable. Thereafter simulation was done for the quaternary sub-plant manufacturing two or three products respectively. The product ratios obtained by simulation were accurate in both cases. The optimization routine was then used to calculate an improved fine to lumpy ore ratio. It was found that only a small improvement could be achieved in the quaternary plant. Simulation of the preliminary comminution plant, however, failed to give accurate results. This plant does not operate in steady state, therefore the error could be ascribed to this. The accuracy of the Nordberg gyratory crushing model used in this sub-plant could not be established. The washing and screening plant was successfully simulated with the new screening models. The choice of size classes was found to be very important in the simulation of crushing and screening circuits. The maximum number must be used and should coincide with screen apertures. Microsim has proved to be a powerful simulator subject, to the quality of input data and evaluative skills of the user. / Dissertation (MEng (Chemical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Chemical Engineering / unrestricted

This dissertation explores the fusion of traditional health practise in the context of the city. The primary objective of this dissertation is to expose people to the spirituality and sacredness of the indigenous South African health practices but also help reverse the guilt and inferiority complex usually associated with such practices. People in the city find themselves having to travel long distances to rural areas to consult inyangas and/or sangomas. This dissertation also tries to fi nd a solution on how to design a facility in an urban context that is going to accommodate that is going to accommodate inyangas and sangomas that is going to reflect the indigenousness of the practice. Therefore, people will have easy access and not have to travel long distances for consultation. The Dingakeng Centre is going to be the first step in creating a link between the traditional and the modern health practice. The name Dingakeng Is a Setswana word meaning a place of the traditional healers. / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Architecture / unrestricted

The thesis departs by studying cases of conflict of interest in South Africa from comparative perspective with specific reference to Limpopo, Mpumalanga and Eastern Cape Provinces. Chapter One is unique and it first took the reader through the historiography of the provinces under study, from 1994 to 2004. Chapter Two may be considered a bird’s view of the study. The answer to the question: To what extent has conflict of interest become a problem in the public services of South Africa with specific reference to three provinces under study, was widely attempted in Chapters Three to Five. The study pursued case-study in handling data. To collect the data, interviews, observations and documentary surveys were used as the primary techniques. To complement the fieldwork, a research trip to Norway, offered a golden opportunity to obtain a comparative view of conflict of interest. Chapter Three took both a radical and a softer approach to the theoretical understanding of conflict of interest. Among other observations, it must be pointed out that conflict of interest occurs at the fluid interface between personal interests and public duty. The fluidity of the interface makes the separation of the two difficult. Chapter Three also provided a comparative perspective. A look at both the developed or underdeveloped worlds suggests that this phenomenon occurs in both worlds. The chapter, therefore, concludes that conflict of interest is an international phenomenon. Chapter Four can be considered the nucleus of the study because it analyses its findings whilst chapter five interpreted them. Conflict of interest has been discussed on the basis of selected main episodes of which a compressed account is provided. One episode of conflict of interest in this study, namely the episode of company fronting, is one of the highlights of the study in the sense that it dismisses the myth that conflict of interest has some racial roots or explanation. The study finally provides conclusions and recommendations in chapter six. Among other recommendations, with the history unfolding, it becomes crystal clear that a legal solution is not a panacea to eliminate conflict of interest practices hence a need to integrate the legal imperative with good governance and ethical conduct. From a practical point of view, the study has the potential to sensitise accounting authorities about conflict of interest and, thus, offer ways of preventing it from going out of hand. / Thesis (DAdmin)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA) / unrestricted