The objective of this study was to evaluate the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) fractions, from the Portage la Prairie water treatment plant (PPWTP), which uses the Assiniboine River as a source, and the Morris water treatment plant (MWTP), which takes water from the Red River, to establish the NOM removal efficiency. The PPWTP sample set for total DOC removal by the plant found the granular activated carbon (GAC) filter was inefficiently removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the water, often with concentrations increasing post-GAC. It was found that one sample set from the MWTP showed that NOM was not being removed by the nano filter with NOM increasing post-nano filtration, from 8.7mg/L to 10.2 mg/L. However, it was found that most of the time the nano filter was operating as manufacturer design showing a reduction of NOM post nano filter to <0.5mg/L.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) fractions, from the Portage la Prairie water treatment plant (PPWTP), which uses the Assiniboine River as a source, and the Morris water treatment plant (MWTP), which takes water from the Red River, to establish the NOM removal efficiency. The PPWTP sample set for total DOC removal by the plant found the granular activated carbon (GAC) filter was inefficiently removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the water, often with concentrations increasing post-GAC. It was found that one sample set from the MWTP showed that NOM was not being removed by the nano filter with NOM increasing post-nano filtration, from 8.7mg/L to 10.2 mg/L. However, it was found that most of the time the nano filter was operating as manufacturer design showing a reduction of NOM post nano filter to <0.5mg/L.

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures En vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit (L.L.M.)" / Facilitant l'adressage des sites sur Internet, le nom de domaine est devenu un moyen d'identification de l'entreprise, de ses activités et de ses productions, tant dans le monde virtuel que dans le monde réel, ce qui a amené le législateur à chercher comment protéger «cet identifiant» et organiser son mode d'exploitation. Cette «valeur ajoutée» à l'entreprise, qu'est le nom de domaine, déclenche plusieurs conflits entre lui et les «autres» signes distinctifs et pose de nouvelles questions et des réflexions d'ordre juridique. L'étude de la protection des noms de domaine met en relief l'élasticité de la théorie des signes distinctifs, une protection qui s'étend au monde virtuel transnational de l'Internet. Le caractère virtuel des noms de domaine sur le réseau mondial de l'Internet trace aussi un problème de juridiction. Doit on considérer que la protection accordée aux noms de domaine revêt un caractère d'ordre international, ou simplement un caractère d'ordre national où s'appliqueront les règles de droit d'un seul Etat? Toutes ces questions et bien d'autres, feront le noyau de notre étude dans laquelle on essayera le plutôt possible de répondre aux différentes questions d'ordre juridique qui se rattachent aux noms de domaine, tout en se basant sur les divers avis doctrinaux et jurisprudentiels comparés en la matière. / Facilitating web sites addressing on the Internet, domain names have become a means of identification of the company, its activities and its productions, whether in the virtual world as well as in the real world which obliged the legislator to look for the best legal way to protect this "identifier" and organize its mode of exploitation. This "added value" to the company, naming the domain name, provokes several conflicts between him and "the other distinctive signs" by raising new questions and reflexions of legal nature. The study of the protection of the domain names highlights the elasticity of the distinctive signs theory, which extends toward the transnational virtual world of the Internet. The virtual nature of domain names on the Internet traces also a problem of jurisdiction. Must one consider that the protection granted to domain names is of an international nature, or just national? AlI these questions and others as well, will make the core of our study during which we will try to answer, as much as possible, to all related questions, based on various related doctrinal and jurisprudential opinions.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Design--Lunds universitet, 1995. / Bibliogr. p. 231-233. Index.

Facilitant l'adressage des sites sur Internet, le nom de domaine est devenu un moyen d'identification de l'entreprise, de ses activités et de ses productions, tant dans le monde virtuel que dans le monde réel, ce qui a amené le législateur à chercher comment protéger «cet identifiant» et organiser son mode d'exploitation. Cette «valeur ajoutée» à l'entreprise, qu'est le nom de domaine, déclenche plusieurs conflits entre lui et les «autres» signes distinctifs et pose de nouvelles questions et des réflexions d'ordre juridique. L'étude de la protection des noms de domaine met en relief l'élasticité de la théorie des signes distinctifs, une protection qui s'étend au monde virtuel transnational de l'Internet. Le caractère virtuel des noms de domaine sur le réseau mondial de l'Internet trace aussi un problème de juridiction. Doit on considérer que la protection accordée aux noms de domaine revêt un caractère d'ordre international, ou simplement un caractère d'ordre national où s'appliqueront les règles de droit d'un seul Etat? Toutes ces questions et bien d'autres, feront le noyau de notre étude dans laquelle on essayera le plutôt possible de répondre aux différentes questions d'ordre juridique qui se rattachent aux noms de domaine, tout en se basant sur les divers avis doctrinaux et jurisprudentiels comparés en la matière. / Facilitating web sites addressing on the Internet, domain names have become a means of identification of the company, its activities and its productions, whether in the virtual world as well as in the real world which obliged the legislator to look for the best legal way to protect this "identifier" and organize its mode of exploitation. This "added value" to the company, naming the domain name, provokes several conflicts between him and "the other distinctive signs" by raising new questions and reflexions of legal nature. The study of the protection of the domain names highlights the elasticity of the distinctive signs theory, which extends toward the transnational virtual world of the Internet. The virtual nature of domain names on the Internet traces also a problem of jurisdiction. Must one consider that the protection granted to domain names is of an international nature, or just national? AlI these questions and others as well, will make the core of our study during which we will try to answer, as much as possible, to all related questions, based on various related doctrinal and jurisprudential opinions. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures En vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit (L.L.M.)"

The adsorption of different fractions of organic matter on the surface of Al2O3 and ZrO2 were investigated. The aim was to study the affinity of these fractions on the surface of metal oxide and the effect of several factors. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted with Low molecular weight oxygenated compounds. These chemical compound have been chosen to investigate:1) the aliphatic and aromatic structurer;2)contribution of hydroxyl group and; 3) the number of carboxyl group. HPLC and IC analysis used for determent the concentration of these chemical in the working solution. ATR-FTIR used to distinguish the type of coordination structure with the surface of metal oxide. The results fitted with Langmuir equation. The results showed that the chemical structure and the type and number of attached functional have an impact on the adsorption. Which it was proved via ATR-FTIR where the result showed that each chemical have different coordination structure on the surface of ZrO2 and Al2O3. Different fractions and sources of NOM were used (hydrophobic fraction of Suwannee and Colorado River, biopolymers extracted for the exuded of 2 species of algae, and low molecular acids that do not adsorb in XAD-8 resin). Results showed that these different fractions have different affinity with the surface of Al2O3 and ZrO2. These adsorption behaviors were varying according to the difference in the component of each NOM. Biopolymers showed significant adsorption at acidic pH. These biopolymers are mainly comprised of polysaccharides and this result proved that polysaccharide adsorb on the surface of ZrO2 more than Al2O3.

No description available.

Darmstadt, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2007.

The treatment of potable water in Vars, ON is accomplished by filtering the colored, iron-laden groundwater through granular activated carbon (GAC) filters. When first installed, these filters unexpectedly experienced chromatographic displacements of iron into the produced water which resulted in orange-brown water at consumers’ taps. The treatment plant was later modified by adding potassium permanganate oxidation and a greensand filter prior to the GAC adsorption columns. Consequently, iron was almost completely removed and no longer caused operational problems. The main objective of this dissertation is to study the interactions between natural organic matter (NOM) and iron that caused the observed chromatographic effect. This study was divided into three main stages: a) characterization study on Vars groundwater and its treatment system; b) study of the competitive adsorption of iron with NOM in Vars groundwater; and c) evaluation of the rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) for predicting the full-scale GAC column breakthroughs. The characterization of Vars groundwater showed that ferrous iron was found to be the dominant iron species, representing 90% of the total iron, and that 15 - 35% of the iron was complexed with NOM. It was hypothesized that the chromatographic displacement of iron from the GAC columns was caused by NOM-iron complexes; however, field mini-column experiments showed this was not the case. Thus, competitive adsorption between iron and NOM was seen as the more likely cause of the chromatographic effect. The adsorption capacity of ferrous iron in Vars raw water was less than that in organic-free water by a factor of 7 due to the competition with NOM over the GAC adsorbing sites. However, the NOM adsorption capacity was not reduced due to the presence of ferrous iron. It was hypothesized that ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST) models, which have been successful in describing competitive adsorption between target organic compounds and NOM, could model the competition between an inorganic compound such as ferrous iron and NOM. The hypothesis was proved to be correct, and the adsorption isotherm of iron in competition with NOM in Vars groundwater was simulated very well by several versions of the IAST model. However, none of the models were capable of simulating the competitive adsorption of NOM and ferrous iron simultaneously. Since the presence of iron did not significantly reduce the adsorption capacity of NOM, a simplified approach of using the single-solute NOM isotherm to represent the competitive NOM isotherm was recommended. The performance of the rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) was evaluated in order to simulate the iron chromatographic effect observed at Vars’ full-scale GAC column. The RSSCT was not capable of predicting the iron phenomenon and the test proved to be problematic due to the oxidation and precipitation of iron within the small voids between the small-scale column’s GAC particles. The RSSCT, using constant and linear diffusivities, were applied to simulate the NOM adsorption after greensand treatment. Integrating both diffusivities, the tests predicted the onset and slope of the NOM breakthrough up to 10-L water treated/g GAC, which is equivalent to 250 days of operation time for the full-scale column. However, the NOM breakthroughs deviated beyond that point and the RSSCT using constant diffusivity underestimated the column performance greatly. On the other hand, the linear diffusivity RSSCT underestimated the performance to a lesser degree and its NOM breakthrough was quite parallel to the full-scale performance with lower NOM removals of 15%. The higher long-term NOM removal in the full-scale system may be explained by biodegradation, a phenomenon that was not considered by the short duration of RSSCT.

The treatment of potable water in Vars, ON is accomplished by filtering the colored, iron-laden groundwater through granular activated carbon (GAC) filters. When first installed, these filters unexpectedly experienced chromatographic displacements of iron into the produced water which resulted in orange-brown water at consumers’ taps. The treatment plant was later modified by adding potassium permanganate oxidation and a greensand filter prior to the GAC adsorption columns. Consequently, iron was almost completely removed and no longer caused operational problems. The main objective of this dissertation is to study the interactions between natural organic matter (NOM) and iron that caused the observed chromatographic effect. This study was divided into three main stages: a) characterization study on Vars groundwater and its treatment system; b) study of the competitive adsorption of iron with NOM in Vars groundwater; and c) evaluation of the rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) for predicting the full-scale GAC column breakthroughs. The characterization of Vars groundwater showed that ferrous iron was found to be the dominant iron species, representing 90% of the total iron, and that 15 - 35% of the iron was complexed with NOM. It was hypothesized that the chromatographic displacement of iron from the GAC columns was caused by NOM-iron complexes; however, field mini-column experiments showed this was not the case. Thus, competitive adsorption between iron and NOM was seen as the more likely cause of the chromatographic effect. The adsorption capacity of ferrous iron in Vars raw water was less than that in organic-free water by a factor of 7 due to the competition with NOM over the GAC adsorbing sites. However, the NOM adsorption capacity was not reduced due to the presence of ferrous iron. It was hypothesized that ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST) models, which have been successful in describing competitive adsorption between target organic compounds and NOM, could model the competition between an inorganic compound such as ferrous iron and NOM. The hypothesis was proved to be correct, and the adsorption isotherm of iron in competition with NOM in Vars groundwater was simulated very well by several versions of the IAST model. However, none of the models were capable of simulating the competitive adsorption of NOM and ferrous iron simultaneously. Since the presence of iron did not significantly reduce the adsorption capacity of NOM, a simplified approach of using the single-solute NOM isotherm to represent the competitive NOM isotherm was recommended. The performance of the rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) was evaluated in order to simulate the iron chromatographic effect observed at Vars’ full-scale GAC column. The RSSCT was not capable of predicting the iron phenomenon and the test proved to be problematic due to the oxidation and precipitation of iron within the small voids between the small-scale column’s GAC particles. The RSSCT, using constant and linear diffusivities, were applied to simulate the NOM adsorption after greensand treatment. Integrating both diffusivities, the tests predicted the onset and slope of the NOM breakthrough up to 10-L water treated/g GAC, which is equivalent to 250 days of operation time for the full-scale column. However, the NOM breakthroughs deviated beyond that point and the RSSCT using constant diffusivity underestimated the column performance greatly. On the other hand, the linear diffusivity RSSCT underestimated the performance to a lesser degree and its NOM breakthrough was quite parallel to the full-scale performance with lower NOM removals of 15%. The higher long-term NOM removal in the full-scale system may be explained by biodegradation, a phenomenon that was not considered by the short duration of RSSCT.