Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Pittsburgh. / Bibliography: p. 86-90.

Inaug.-Diss.--Freiburg i. Breisgau.

Inaug.-Dis.--Berlin. / Lebenslauf. "Litteraturnachweis": p. [41].

Thèse--Université de Nancy. / "Bibliographie": p. [5]-7.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1935. / Typescript. Includes abstract and vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 265-271).

Rapid urbanization is one of the major problems facing the more developed nations' of the world today. With technology making great advances and the needs and values of the people changing rapidly, elements of the cities are becoming obsolete and there is need to expand and build anew; bigger, better, and more beautiful cities. To do this, new and better planning tools need to be developed to understand urban structure and intelligently guide public investment decisions. One of the important aspects is transportation and the impact that changes in land use or the transportation system have on the total travel requirements of the city. Prof. George C. Hemmens, Associate Professor of Planning, University of North Carolina, in a paper "Experiments in Urban Form and Structure" proposed a linear programming model to determine the minimum travel requirements of alternate landuse patterns. He takes as given alternate distributions among sub-regions of an hypothetical urban area of the following urban elements: work place, residence, alternate transportation systems, and an allocation rule which minimizes the total travel time between each residence and work place and a shopping place. One of his main conclusions was that alternate transportation systems do not effect the relative efficiency of alternate landuse patterns. The hypothesis of this thesis is that alternate transportation systems do effect the relative efficiency of alternate landuse patterns. Two sets of experiments were conducted, with some modifications to Prof. Hemmens model, the results of which substantiate the proposed hypothesis. The first set of experiments, using a geometrically non-symmetric road network and a one mode transport system, indicate the relative efficiency of alternate landuse patterns remains constant regardless of the level of service or the geometric pattern of the transportation network. For the second set of experiments two modes of transport and modal split factors for the sub-regions were introduced. It is found that the relative efficiency of the alternate landuse patterns now varies with the level of service, the type, and the pattern of the transportation system. Thus there is just one transportation system most suitable for a given landuse pattern. In general, the concentric ring with dispersed work and shopping (R2C2W2) pattern was found to be most efficient i.e. for a weak commercial and work core the travel requirements were smaller in magnitude than for a stronger core and that changes in the commercial pattern had a greater impact on travel time than similar changes in the work pattern. Also, there exists a trade off between landuse and transportation i.e. landuse changes can be substituted for improvements in the transportation system, or visa versa, to achieve the same desired end result. Because of the simplistic assumptions made, the hypothetical data used, and certain other limitations of the model, the validity of some of the conclusions may be questionable. But, if the results can be taken as conclusive, they are of great significance for planning. Time and locational priorities for all major renewal and new construction activity could be guided by the requirements of the R2C2W2 pattern. The highest priority being given to the restructuring of the commercial pattern and the lowest to the restructuring of the residential pattern. The model could also be used to determine changes in the travel requirements due to the construction of a new shopping center or a new freeway. This thesis is part of a group study dealing with a concept of urban growth and development; the "Nodular Metropolitan Concept." The results of the study substantiate that the "Nodular" pattern of urban structure (which by definition is analogous to the R2C2W2 pattern) has the highest efficiency i.e. the least travel requirements. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

手稿本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Shou gao ben. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 序言 / Chapter 第一章 --- 縣政府組織概況 --- p.5 / Chapter 第二章 --- 縣令之職掌及其他 --- p.21 / Chapter 第三章 --- 縣佐官之職掌及其他 --- p.119 / Chapter （一） --- 縣丞 / Chapter （二） --- 縣主簿 / Chapter （三） --- 縣尉 / Chapter （四） --- 其他屬吏 / Chapter 第四章 --- 縣官佐之任遷途徑 --- p.159 / Chapter （一） --- 遷令及令遷 / Chapter （二） --- 遷丞及丞遷 / Chapter （三） --- 遷簿及簿遷 / Chapter （四） --- 遷尉及尉遷 / Chapter 第五章 --- 令佐之出身與前途 --- p.219 / Chapter （一） --- 令佐之出身 / Chapter （二) --- 令、尉之前途 / 結論 / 附表 --- p.250

Based on a set of fiscal data for the year 2000, which covers all county-level jurisdictions in China, Chapter 3 explores various factors causing the fiscal deficits of governments at the grassroots level. Other than economic factors, our empirical findings suggest that institutional defects, such as the mismatch between fiscal revenue and expenditure responsibility, the ineffective fiscal transfer system, and the abuse of power among local officials, all aggravate the fiscal predicament of poor counties. A proposed reform of compressing the current five-tier administrative hierarchy may help to address these institutional problems. / Chapter 1 explores the hotly debated issues pertaining to fiscal disparities in China during the second half of the 1990s, and investigates the various factors driving the changes in fiscal disparities. These factors include economic factors (e.g., GDP per capita, economic structure) and institutional factors (e.g., the urban---rural dichotomy, ethnic issues). We adopt the general, regression-based approach that was proposed by Morduch and Sicular (2002), and Fields (2003), to decompose fiscal disparity with respect to per capita fiscal expenditure. The empirical results indicate that among all the statistically significant factors, GDP per capita and the urban-rural dichotomy are the two most important variables affecting fiscal disparities. Other relatively important factors include economic structure and population density. Likewise, several features of fiscal expenditure in China identified by our empirical findings together with their corresponding policy implications are discussed in this chapter. / Chapter 2 delineates a comprehensive picture of sub-provincial fiscal transfers in China with the help of a set of fiscal data covering all sub-provincial jurisdictions. It explores various factors affecting the distribution of fiscal transfers. Among them are economic factors, political factors, and demographic factors. The empirical results indicate that among all these factors, economic factors and political concerns are the more important determinants of intergovernmental fiscal transfers, while local demands for some basic public services, such as healthcare, education, and social security, seem not to have been seriously taken into account by Chinese government. Our empirical findings also identify several features of the fiscal transfer system in China. Their policy implications are discussed accordingly. / With the help of fiscal statistics on sub-provincial public finance in China, this dissertation intends to achieve three goals. First, it explores the debate on the factors driving fiscal disparities through a rigorous empirical analysis. Second, it examines the determinants of intergovernmental fiscal transfers. Finally, this dissertation further explores the local fiscal predicament at the county level. / Yu, Qing. / Adviser: Kaiyuen Tsui. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: A, page: 2173. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical reference. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Thesis (M.U.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-56).