The work is mainly concerned with how jurisdiction is allocated in private EC competition law disputes which have connections with more than one country.  The question when the English court is entitled to refuse recognition and enforcement of a foreign judgment, which misapplies or neglects EC competition law, is duly examined as well.  Much of the law which provides the framework for the resolution of such disputes is derived from international legal sources, as a consequence of which English law is very similar to or the same as the law of other countries in Europe. The thesis comprises four main parts.  The <i>first</i> part introduces the sources that are relevant for jurisdiction and judgments in relation to EC competition law claims.  The second part considers the potential jurisdiction problems in antitrust claims and specifies the bases upon which the English courts may exercise jurisdiction in private proceedings arising under EC competition law.  The thesis’ <i>third</i> part focuses on questions related to the jurisdiction of arbitral tribunals in EC competition law claims and the jurisdiction of English courts in proceedings ancillary to arbitration in relation to those claims.  The <i>fourth</i> part of the work is an analysis of the issue related to recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements in relation to EC competition law claims. The study shows that as a result of the decentralised enforcement of EC competition law, the private international law rules, related to jurisdiction and enforcement of foreign judgments, have a vital role to play if EC competition and law is to be enforced effectively and fulfil its economic function adequately.

This PhD is an examination into some of the costs and benefits arising from the application of the Fair Trading Act 1973 and the Competition Act 1980 to single firm anti-competitive conduct and complex monopoly conduct in the United Kingdom. The theoretical arguments advanced for the application of competition policy generally, along with the costs identified as likely to flow from this policy, are examined in an attempt to devise a criteria by which the application of competition policy in specific casesm ay be assessedE. nforcement activity of the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) and Monopolies and Mergers Commission (MMC) is examined to consider the extent to which previous actions have resulted in outcomes that may be identified or measured. Three specific investigations conducted between 1993 and 1997 are examined in some detail in ChaptersS , 6 and 7. Thesea rc related in Chapter 8 to more general experienceso f thosei nvolved repeatedlyw ith the operation of the regimei n the United Kingdom. The experiencesa nd evidence drawn together in these four chapters have not, to the author's knowledge, previously been so considered or set out. It is shown that the mechanism by which the policy is put into effect is heavily criticised, and that there are aspects of the procedure that impose burdens beyond those necessary to achieve the given result. In this context the experience of the American regime is used as a comparative example. The work concludes with a synthesis of the problems identified, and offers some possible solutions to the difficulties raised by the regime at the time of writing. Some consideration is taken into account of the future shape of the regime following the entry into force of the Competition Act 1998, although much of the work presented here remains valid to the operation of the new regime.

No description available.

No description available.

Competitive intelligence (CI) can be loosely defined as the process by which an organization legally and systematically collects, organizes, analyzes, and disseminates the information about its competitive environment. Notwithstanding the growing interest in CI, there are few empirical investigations on the work activities of CI professionals. This research addresses three basic questions: Who are CI professionals, which tasks and activities are they engaged in and how do they go about them, and what factors constrain their performance and completion of these tasks and activities? Twenty-eight CI professionals across Canada participated in the study from 24 different organizations, representing 16 specific industries. These CI professionals include various intelligence managers and analysts, market researchers, strategic advisors, and information specialists, representing two main groups: business professionals and information professionals. Their major goals are to heighten awareness of the competitive environment in which their organizations compete and to enhance decision making by their various clients. To achieve these goals, they engage in 10 general classes of activities: news scanning and monitoring; project management; responding ad hoc requests; communicating with various stakeholders; preparing CI products/deliverables; perusing and evaluating various materials; writing and editing diverse documents; coaching and training other staff for CI; undertaking training themselves; and administrative, non-CI, and sundry other activities. Among them, most of time is allocated to preparing CI products or deliverables, communicating with various stakeholders, and email processing and news scanning. Most of the information needs of the participants are not personal but derive from their organizational needs and clientele. The information seeking behavior of the participants can be situated on four axes: cyclical and noncyclical, reactive and proactive, linear and / Malgré l’intérêt grandissant pour la veille concurrentielle, il existe peu d’études empiriques traitant du travail des professionnels oeuvrant dans ce domaine. La présente étude pose trois questions de base: qui sont les professionnels faisant de la veille concurrentielle; quelles sont leurs tâches et activités et comment sont elles réalisées; et finalement, quels facteurs limitent leur performance et capacité de compléter ces tâches et ces activités. À travers le Canada, 28 professionnels de la veille concurrentielle ont été recrutés pour l’étude représentant 24 organisations différentes dans 12 industries générales et 16 de type spécifique. Ces professionnels représentent des analystes, des gestionnaires de l’information, des chercheurs en études de marché, des conseillers stratégiques et des spécialistes de l’information. Leurs objectifs principaux consistent à accroître la conscientisation à l’environnement concurrentiel dans lequel leurs organisations rivalisent et à rehausser la qualité de la prise de décision chez leurs différents clients. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, ils et elles s’impliquent dans dix catégories distinctes d’activités: scruter les nouvelles et gérer une veille informationnelle; gérer des projets; répondre aux demandes d’information ponctuelles; communiquer avec les différentes parties; élaborer des produits de veille concurrentielle; lire et évaluer le matériel diversifié; rédiger et réviser des documents variés; former des employés à la veille concurrentielle; recevoir une formation continue; et s’impliquer dans d’autres activités administratives non-reliées au domaine de la veille. La plupart du temps est consacré à la préparation des produits de veille concurrentielle, aux communications avec les diverses parties, à la gestion de courriel et à la scrutation des nouvelles. La plupart des besoins informationnels des participants ne sont pas individuels mais$

This thesis stresses the existence of a fundamental link between potential competition and multi-product activity. Potential competitors are identified as already-existing firms that possess "latent capacity", a principal source of scope economies, which enable firms to expand or alter their product portfolio in the short period. When latent capacity is accompanied by certain sunk costs, hit-and-run entry becomes profitable as the "latent competitor" is able to easily surmount the major barriers to entry, avoid the disadvantages in cost associated with small batch production, and exit cheaply from the various markets. This new theory of potential competition further demonstrates that when framed within a multi-product environment, the major criticisms that are levelled against the theory of contestability can be addressed. Additionally, it shows how the age-old conundrum of increasing returns and competitive behaviour may be reconciled. Empirical evidence confirms the existence of latent capacity. Such capacity is embodied in the Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) and flexible manpower resources that are increasingly being employed by firms.

The persistence of dominance depends upon the capability of a firm to maintain such a position after it has been able to acquire it. Yet most of the existing research has been relatively unsuccessful in identifying specific factors that are likely to allow any firm to effectively deal with all forms of competitive challenges over an extended period of time. / As such, the goals of this research were to investigate the persistence of dominance across several different types of industry contexts. On the whole, the results suggest that differences in the persistence of dominance can be linked to the characteristics of each industry context. In large part, these differences can be attributed to the strategies that must be pursued by the dominant firms in order to maintain the specific types of advantages that can be effectively used in each of the three types of industry contexts that could be identified.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-169). / Microfiche. / ix, 169 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Reproductive competition among females is an under-studied aspect of behavioural ecology. In species where males provide non-sharable resources that enhance individual and offspring fitness, such as feeding young, intrasexual conflict among females should be expected. My thesis examined reproductive competition among female song sparrows by estimating the reproductive costs of losing male care and behavioural strategies females employed to avoid the loss of male care. I used a long-term study of song sparrows, a facultatively polygynous passerine, on Mandarte Island, British Columbia Canada, to examine the potential reproductive and survival costs that polygyny might have on females. I found that polygynous females without male care experienced lower nest and lifetime reproductive success than polygynous females with male care. In contrast, female status within polygynous groups had no impact on overwinter survival. Three strategies that females might use to avoid polygyny or ensure access to male parental care while in polygyny include 1) intrasexual aggression to deter secondary females from settling, 2) infanticide of primary female’s nest by secondary females to improve nesting status or 3) nest timing to either increase the comparative worth of the nest through synchrony, or eliminate competition for male care through asynchrony. Using a mount presentation experiment I found that resident females reacted as predicted if intrasexual aggressive behaviour was used to deter secondary female settlement and ensure male parental care. Over 18 years when polygyny occurred in the population, I found evidence that the presence of secondary females was correlated with a rise in the nest failure rate of primary females, but I found no evidence that polygynous females used nest timing strategies to influence access to male care. Overall, my results suggest that female song sparrows use aggressive behaviours to reduce secondary female settlement, and within polygynous groups secondary females may use infanticide to advance their status. Despite the existence of female strategies to circumvent the loss of fitness due to polygynous mating, polygyny still occurred regularly in the population. This observation suggests that the strategies described above are often not effective, or that their costs outweigh the potential gains to individual fitness.

Between 1987 and 1996 Indonesia went through successful major policy reforms which involved trade liberalization and deregulation.This thesis examines the effect of rent-seeking and government involvement in the economy on entry barriers and domestic competition in the Indonesian manufacturing sector during the policy reform period. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2008.