Winnipeg, Canada received $20.4 million from the three levels of government to augment the city’s active transportation infrastructure. Like many North American cities, Winnipeg is an automobile-focused centre that experienced little funding or development towards active transportation until recently. Winnipeg’s current active transportation system is insufficient, poorly conceived, and fractured. As cities move towards environmentally friendly initiatives, Winnipeg has an opportunity to build comprehensive and safe access to all parts of the city through active transportation. Concentrating on the bicycle as the primary transportation mode, this study examines the current status of Winnipeg’s active transportation network and searches for areas of improvement/development. This study identifies critical areas needing improvement and offers solutions by integrating input from Winnipeg’s cycling community, standards established by government/industry bodies, and successes from other jurisdictions. Key issues include bicycle facilities, safety and education and their integration into an effective and comprehensive bicycle transportation network.

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This multi-case study compared the practices and knowledge of six experienced teachers who perceive themselves to use an inquiry approach to instruction, to those of two teachers who do not, and compared their conceptualizations to a portrait of the inquiry literature. The inquiry teachers were purposively selected from three levels---elementary, secondary, and university---and different subjects. / They and two non-inquiry teachers contributed three interviews each. Transcripts were coded using codes derived from the literature, then open coding using the teachers' own words to represent categories. Four postulated constructs of inquiry, process, content, strategy, and context, were found in the literature and in experienced inquiry teachers' detailed conceptualizations of inquiry as shown in their definitions, interviews, and concept maps. Inquiry teachers were distinguished from the non-inquiry teachers by the relative difference in the frequency of their use of the four constructs. The inquiry teachers each had one predominant construct that they emphasized more in their teaching, and their identity could be expressed in terms of their pedagogical use of these four constructs. The non-inquiry teachers made fewer inquiry statements when compared to the literature and when compared to their own personal statements. Inquiry teachers' background, education, and informal experiences were also directly related to their conceptualizations of inquiry.

Winnipeg, Canada received $20.4 million from the three levels of government to augment the city’s active transportation infrastructure. Like many North American cities, Winnipeg is an automobile-focused centre that experienced little funding or development towards active transportation until recently. Winnipeg’s current active transportation system is insufficient, poorly conceived, and fractured. As cities move towards environmentally friendly initiatives, Winnipeg has an opportunity to build comprehensive and safe access to all parts of the city through active transportation. Concentrating on the bicycle as the primary transportation mode, this study examines the current status of Winnipeg’s active transportation network and searches for areas of improvement/development. This study identifies critical areas needing improvement and offers solutions by integrating input from Winnipeg’s cycling community, standards established by government/industry bodies, and successes from other jurisdictions. Key issues include bicycle facilities, safety and education and their integration into an effective and comprehensive bicycle transportation network.

The sea surface microlayer is the upper thin interfacial boundary between ocean water and atmospheric air. The microlayer is known to be influenced by surface-active substances (SAS), largely organic matters adsorbed on the ocean surface. SAS samplers have been developed to investigate the chemical composition and effects of SAS but these samplers lack fast sampling and ease of use. To overcome these deficiencies, a new and novel microlayer sampler equipped with a set of rotating glass disks for fast sampling was built and modified. In this project, two closely connected scientific issues associated with the sampler were addressed. Firstly, the thickness of the solution layer adsorbed onto the glass disk was investigated in laboratory experiments using a range of optical techniques. Secondly, the sampler itself was evaluated in different oceanic environments and operated with a range of additional scientific sensors. / Graduate

Our aim in this thesis is to use the clustering of QSOs to investigate large- scale structure and cosmology. We are particularly concerned with estimating the cosmological parameters which govern the evolution of structure in the Universe. We first investigate how QSOs trace the distribution of 'normal' galaxies by measuring the correlation between a sample of ~ 150 QSOs and faint, b(_j) < 23 galaxies. At z < 1.5 we find that the cross-correlation amplitude is marginally negative. This low signal clearly rules out models in which QSOs inhabit rich environments. The environments of QSOs are more similar to those of average galaxies. The slight negative correlation can be explained by gravitational lensing, but this has no effect on our conclusions concerning QSO environments. We determine the clustering properties of a combined sample of > 1500 QSOs including the LBQS and Durham/AAT QSO surveys. This data set has a clustering amplitude Ɛ(10 h(^-1) Mpc) = 0.83 ± 0.29 for Ωₒ = 1 at z = 1.27. On ~ 100 – 1000 h(^-1) Mpc scales the limit on detected signals in Ɛ is ±0.025. A model of clustering evolution which includes the effect of bias was used to compare QSO clustering to the clustering of low redshift galaxies and Seyfert galaxies. If Seyferts and QSOs are similarly clustered, then the data prefer a low Ωₒ or high bias for QSOs and galaxies. In contrast, comparisons to the CMB measurements of COBE assuming a CDM-type power spectrum suggest low bias. This might be taken as evidence for low do, but the data is still consistent with Ωₒ = 1 and b(_gp) ~ b(gp) ~ 2..We consider the possibility that nearby galaxy clusters can gravitationally lense background QSOs. We apply the lensing hypothesis to the result of Boyle et al., (1988) and find that cluster masses required are too large. A small dust component could retrieve the lensing model and allow more reasonable mass estimates for clusters from this method. The requirement for a new, deep, wide-field, QSO survey is clear. We discuss the construction of the candidate catalogue for the 2dF QSO Redshift Survey, which will contain ~ 25000 QSOs. We calibrate the photographic plates used for the candidate catalogue and assess the sources of errors and incompleteness. From preliminary spectroscopic observations we conclude that the completeness of the 2dF catalogue is ~ 71.1 ± 7.1%, compared with an estimated completeness of ~ 80%. We propose to substantially increase the catalogue completeness (to ~ 90%), by the introduction of UKST r plates into our candidate catalogue.

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