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The objective of this thesis was to examine the demographic characteristics and the drink-related determinants of alcohol use among U.S. military personnel. The data were obtained from The 1985 Worldwide Survey of Alcohol and Nonmedical Drug Use among Military Personnel which included 17,328 active duty military personnel. Analysis of Variance and Pearson r were used to examine the zero-order relationships among all independent and dependent variables in the study. Multiple Regression and Path Analysis were used to reveal the relationships between demographic and drink-related variables in predicting alcohol use. Findings from bivariate analyses explored the zero-order relationships between alcohol use and demographic attributes as well as drink-related determinants. It was found that the following characteristics were more frequently associated with military personnel who used alcohol: male, black, younger, not living with a spouse, in lower military ranks and with lower educational attainment. Furthermore, personnel who were strongly influenced by their drinking peers, considered the positive personal benefits of alcohol use, had favorable attitudes toward alcohol use, and encountered more serious problem situations were found to exhibit higher levels of alcohol use. Findings from multiple regressions and path analyses indicated that personal benefit was the most important determinant in predicting alcohol use. lt was found that the effects of problem situations on alcohol use were largely mediated by personal benefit. Moreover, peer influence not only directly affected alcohol use, but also mediated the effect of age on alcohol use. Surprisingly, it was found that normative definition toward alcohol use was not a good predictor of alcohol use. Both direct and mediating effects of normative definition on alcohol use were weak and negligible. Based on the findings of the study, implications for academic research on alcohol use were also discussed in the thesis. / Master of Science

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2009. / Adviser: Ty Matejowsky. Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-39).

Thesis (M.N.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, School of Nursing, 2001. / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 91-97.

by Sylvia Chun Mei Chan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-114). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter I. --- CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter i) --- Research Problems / Chapter ii) --- Rationale of the Research / Chapter iii) --- Objectives / Chapter II. --- CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.11 / Chapter i) --- Generalized Female Vulnerability Thesis / Chapter ii) --- Biological Factor / Chapter iii) --- Cultural Factor / Chapter iv) --- Motivational Factor / Chapter v) --- Situational Factor / Chapter III. --- CHAPTER THREE: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK --- p.33 / Chapter i) --- The First Model / Chapter ii) --- The Second Model / Chapter iii) --- The Third Model / Chapter IV. --- CHAPTER FOUR: DATA AND METHOD --- p.51 / Chapter i) --- Sample and Data Collection / Chapter ii) --- Measurements of Variables / Chapter iii) --- Profile of Respondents / Chapter ix) --- Analytical Strategy / Chapter V. --- CHAPTER FIVE: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION --- p.65 / Chapter i) --- The Whole Sample / Chapter ii) --- The Current Drinkers Sample / Chapter VI. --- CHAPTER SIX: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION --- p.81 / Chapter i) --- Implications of the Results / Chapter ii) --- Limitations of the Study / Chapter iii) --- Suggestions for Future Research / Chapter iv) --- Social Reflection / Chapter VII. --- BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.105 / Chapter VIII. --- FIGURES --- p.i-vi / Chapter IX. --- TABLES --- p.vii-xxiv

published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-181) and index.

Thesis deals with problems in legal as well as non legal regulations of alcohol usage in Czech Republic. I analyse the development of laws and current version of legal regulations on alcohol availability for young people in Czech Republic. I compare the Czech legislative to legislative in other countries. I analyse different approach to alcohol drinking in varied societies. During work on the diploma thesis, the Czech government declared a prohibition on alcohol trade. I evaluate the Czech approach and compare this prohibition with prohibitions in other countries. Finally, I evaluate Czech regulations of alcohol advertisments, and describe several court decisions (and self-regulatory board decisions) in alcohol advertising. The aim of thesis is to find the positive and negative aspects of legal and non-legal regulations in individual countries and propose new solutions to current alcohol problems.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Agricultural Economics / Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu / This dissertation is composed of two essays in applied microeconomics. Using farm level data, the first essay applied nonparametric methods to test the adherence of individual farm’s production choices to profit maximization objective. Results indicate that none of the farms consistently satisfy the joint hypothesis of profit maximization. The study took into account the uncertainty prevalent in agricultural production by systematically modeling the optimization behavior of farms. Departures of observed data of individual farms from profit maximization objectives were attributed more due to stochastic influences caused by output production decisions than input use decisions. Results also support the existence of technological progress during the study period for Kansas farms. At an alpha level of 5%, assuming both input and output quantities as stochastic, only 5.3% of the farms violated the joint hypothesis of profit maximization with standard error exceeding 10%. Whereas when only input quantities are considered stochastic, a total of 71.73% and 2.09% of the farms had minimum standard errors of greater than 10% and 20% respectively required for the joint profit maximization hypothesis to hold. When only output quantity measurements were assumed as stochastic, a total of 80.10 % and 18.84 % of the farms had minimum standard errors of greater than 10% and 20% respectively required for the profit maximization hypothesis to hold. The second essay examines the demand for alcoholic beverages (beer, wine and distilled spirits) for the U.S. using time series data from 1979-2006. The estimation is done using an error correction form of the Almost Ideal Demand System . Results indicate that there is a significant difference between short run and long run elasticity estimates. The paper addresses the exogeneity of log of prices and log of real expenditures. For the beer and wine equations, the hypothesis of joint exogeneity of price index and real expenditure cannot be rejected at all the conventional levels of significance. For the spirits equation, the tests strongly reject the simultaneous exogeneity of price index and real expenditure. When independently tested, price index appears to be endogenous variable where as real expenditure seems exogenous variable. Based on these results, the real expenditure was considered as an exogenous variable, where as the price index for spirits as an endogenous variable.

Sin taxes have increased significantly during the past three years. There have been different opinions regarding the levying of sin taxes: in relation to whether it helps the government to raise revenue or reduces the consumption thereof. This study therefore investigates the actual purpose for these taxes by means of a literature and empirical review. An increase in sin taxes affects the poor more than the rich because such taxes are classified as a regressive type of tax. The primary research problem addressed by this literature study was to determine the percentage that the lower income earning group of South African citizens, who are funded by social grants, spend on sin taxed items. This study focused on two areas: the social grant system in conjunction with the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) and the levying of sin taxes in South Africa. Over the years, South Africa has experienced an increase in its levels of poverty. There are eight types of social grants in South Africa, to which the lower income earning South African citizens, who live below the poverty line, are entitled, depending on their circumstances. This study discusses only seven of the eight social grants, by considering the purpose of the social grant, criteria, means testing requirements and the monthly amount available. These grants include the child support grant, old age grant, disability grant, foster care grant, care dependency grant, grant-in-aid and war veteran grant. The CPI of South Africa is briefly addressed in this study, followed by the increases over the past three years. The escalations of the social grants and that of the CPI of South Africa have been compared in order to determine whether the government remains concerned for their lower income earning citizens most of whom live below the poverty line. For purposes of this study, sin taxes have been narrowed down to include only alcoholic beverages and cigarettes. This study determined the increases of sin taxes on these substances over the past three years as well as the consumption thereof. Their consumption was determined by the sales volume. A comparison of the increases and consumption was made, the purpose of which was to determine government’s motivation for these increases. The empirical review of this study investigated the social grant recipients’ spending habits on these items. This was done by means of a self- developed questionnaire. The purpose of the questionnaire was to determine the percentage of their grant money that the social grant recipients spend on alcoholic beverages and cigarettes. The results and findings led to a conclusion which addressed the problem of this study. This study makes recommendations for further investigation of the sin tax implications for the lower income earning South African citizens, who are funded by social grants. / MCom (Accountancy)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2015