In Wideband DS-CDMA system, increasing the utilization of Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) code tree can serve more users. As Dynamic Code Assignment (DCA) does, the allocated codes will be reassigned when a new call can¡¦t be served even if the capacity is enough. However, reassigning occupied codes is expensive. In this thesis, we have proposed a state classification code assignment principle and a proportional reservation policy. In the proposed algorithm, the OVSF code tree is classified into four states. Then, the system will decide whether to reassign codes or not by checking the current state of the tree. In other words, the occupied codes will be reallocated in an appropriate occasion. Besides, we reserve vacant and available codes corresponding to the probability of requests for each supported rate when reassignment occurs. Therefore, the reassignment is reduced. It is also proved on the basis of the property of Markov Chain. Taking advantage of the proposed states classification code assignment and the policy of proportional code reservation, the call blocking rate and the number of reassignment can be reduced.

Following Chang, Lai, and Chang(1999), this report discusses the policy assignment problem with efficient wage-employment bargaining under perfect capital mobility. Whether it can rescue the default of proposed by Ramirez (1988) that coordinate between fiscal and exchange rate policies to achieve given desirable targets. The conclusion of this report is as follows¡G Under fixed exchange rates with perfect capital mobility, however, an appropriate mixture between monetary and fiscal policies can dynamically adjust to attain simultaneously the internal goal of desired output and the external goal of official foreign reserves. It's conclusion as the same as proposed by Lai, Chang, and Chu (1990). But more importantly, it can rescue the default of proposed by Ramirez (1988) that coordinate between fiscal and exchange rate policies to achieve given the internal and external goals. Accordingly, we can understand that efficient wage-employment bargaining in the labor market plays a curial role in assessing the assignment or policy instrument to targets. Furthmore, this report extends the analysis results under fixed exchange rates shifting to the system of a managed floating regime. It can find that the policy assignment can still achieve given desirable target. Consequently, this report provides further evidence that the efficient wage-employment bargaining is very important for assignment problem.

The thesis has closely examined that an important shortcoming of the Keynesian analysis is the neglect of potential tax-induced aggregate supply effects, and therefore, just as Marshall's proverbial scissors with one "misplaced" blade, the government cannot make proper policy decision. Hence, this paper incorporates the tax-induced aggregate supply effects into the analysis. When a model does not include the supply-side effects of tax-induced, it degrades to a Ramirez (1986) and cannot be sued for policy assignment. On the other hand, a model incorporates the tax-induced aggregate supply effects remedies the flaws in Ramirez (1986) and can be used for appropriate policy assignment.

In this dissertation, we present mathematical analyses for a cellular CDMA communication system by investigating two important performance factors, the spreading code reservation periods and the cell coverage in soft handoff. First, an innovative code assignment scheme is presented by fully utilizing the characteristics of voice and data traffic. In other words, a voice terminal has higher priority to reserve a spreading code to transmit packets in multiple talk spurts, while a data terminal can only transmit packets by either employing the unassigned codes or borrowing the codes from the voice terminals during their silent periods. The code assignment scheme is then extended to analyze a priority-based CDMA system where the code reservation periods can be varied. Two performance measures, the average dropping probability for delay-sensitive traffic and the average packet delay for delay-insensitive traffic, are derived from the analytic models based on the equilibrium point analysis (EPA). Finally, for the cellular CDMA system, we study the influences of enlarging or shrinking the soft handoff coverage on the new-call blocking and the handoff-call dropping probabilities. From the mathematical analyses, we reveal that enlarging the outer cell while fixing the inner cell may significantly increase both blocking and dropping probabilities. On the other hand, if we enlarge the inner cell and fix the outer cell, the two probabilities can be reduced slightly. The impact of activating a call admission control on the proposed cellular CDMA system is also discussed.

The state assignment is one of the most important problems in hardware implementation of controllers (finite state machines, FSMs). Traditional heuristics include simulated annealing (SA), greedy approach, and recursive Min-Cut partitioning. Since these methods can¡¦t reduce both area and power, thus we propose a new approach which using integer linear programming (ILP) to solve the state assignment. The proposed of ILP approach can set the weight and reach best solution between less area and low power. The approach can find out the best state assignment for both low-area and low power consumption. In addition, we also use ILP to solve the output encoding of controller in order to reduce the power consumption of datapath. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we do some experiments on several MCNC FSM benchmarks and controller-datapath systems. The experimental results show that a significant power and area savings can be achieved.

Regard the local government, although in The Constitution chapter 10 (Powers of the Central and Local Governments) and in chapter 11 (System of Local Government) clearly state the self-governing power of the local authority, and mentioned the boarder line for the self-governing matters. However under the past influence of the centralized government structure, all matters are government affairs nation wide, the local governments are only to carry out the orders, in fact those so called the local governments are central government appointed departments, therefore delegation, commission or assignment of an administrative authority become less important, further more, the action is meaningless. Even to this day, the era of the local self-governing, delegation, commission or assignment of an administrative authority still faces many problems (For example Taipei and Kaohsiung, the two cities have their municipality directly under the jurisdiction of the Central Government office, and the office must monitor the appoint of the legislation, after the careful monitoring of the process of the appointing, then the follow the legislation shall legalize the practice, whether power commission may be exercised between two agencies of the same administrative bodies, whether a local government agency may commission with its supervised agency to exercise a part of its powers, etc¡K¡K), the cause of the confusion all goes back to the unclear separation of powers between the central government and the local governments, and to clearly regulate the problem in a short time isn¡¦t easy, therefore the urgent solution is the required for the disagreement from individual offices about the delegation, commission or assignment of an administrative authority etc¡K¡K, for this reason the aim of this study is to probe into the self-governing practice, detail the process and to recommend, to propose the following: 1. Study shows: a. The legislation of the power delegation rationalize the distribution of the manpower resources for the local government, shortens the time of decision making, lightens the responsibility of individual power delegating, and increases the proper use of the local self-governing power. b. The legislation of the power commission benefits the distribution of national resource of manpower, allows the proper practice of such actions, which also develop the advantage of direct office contact and the action of mutual aid. c. The legislation of the power assignment also sets up the vertical administrative supporting relationship between administrative bodies, and has the efficiency of the administrative offices¡¦ convenience work to its best. 2. Proposal: I. The making of legislation: a. Central government office shall define the meanings of delegation, commission and assignment of an administrative authority, give each action a clear responsibility, document the procedures and the importance of the above actions, in orders the administrative offices to put them in proper practice. b. The legislation should unify the terms for delegation, commission and assignment of an administrative authority. Define the principles of responsibilities for the central government and the local governments. The method of dividing the central-government and self-government matters according to its administrative needs in the present constitution is no longer up to date. c. Revise and set up the procedures of the legislation of assignment. II. Change the point of view: The central government should respect the power of the local government, implement the practice of self-governing, grant and authorize the local assignee to its complete power, respect the local assignee power to its max, increase the elasticity and the flexibility of the assignee office, put the nature and the resource of the manpower of the local government in consideration through the procedure of assignment. The local governments shouldn¡¦t unduly depend on the support of the central government like in the past, but welcome the time of self-governing, set up and face the idea of self-governing system, truly practice the age of autonomy.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-125). Also available via World Wide Web.

The Swedish prehospital/ambulance organization has the last decades evolved from a transport organization to a an organization that focus on alleviate and treating acute medical conditions in the field as well as transporting patient to the emergency ward. The ambulance service is developing continually and offers today a high-tech and highly specialized nursing/care. Which in turn demand a higher standard and competence on the care provider. Ambulance mission can vary in priority and magnitude. This in turn demand a high medical competence our capacity. One of the most important task ́s in pre-hospital work is to prioritize and assess the patient status. The medical judgment lies as a foundation for further caring focus and triage. Feedback and patient monitoring from the hospital can be pin pointing the right diagnosis and support the ambulance nurse to decide if the right pre hospital diagnosis was judged. The aim of the study was to describe specialist educated ambulance nurses need of feedback according to the medical judgment and treatment after terminated ambulance mission. The study was performed as a survey investigation with a quantitative descriptive design. Fifteen specialist educated ambulance nurses in two ambulance stations in Halland participated in the study. The majority of the ambulance nurses recognized the need of feedback/patient monitoring and found it difficult to receive information about patient that been transported to the hospital. Personal relationships to certain patient responsible nurses on caring units showed in some cases important to obtain information about patients. To design a plan for a regular feedback according to judgment and treatment after concluding the assessment could serve as a cost efficient education to the ambulance nurses and increase patient assurance. The result could in the future be used to design a action plan for recurring feedback in regard to assessment and treatment after completed mission. In conclusion one can claim that this is a free of charge competence improvement where all parts can be benefiting if we let the ambulance nurse have the opportunity to patient follow up. / Det senaste decenniet har den svenskaambulanssjukvården utvecklats från att vara en transportorganisation till enorganisation som även fokuserar på att lindra och behandla akuta tillstånd.Ambulanssjukvården utvecklas fortlöpande och i dagsläget är det enhögteknologisk och högspecialiserad vård vilken ställer större krav påpersonalens kompetens. Ambulansuppdrag kan variera i prioritet och omfattningvilket ställer krav på en hög medicinsk kompetens. En av de viktigasteuppgifterna inom prehospitalt arbete är att prioritera och bedöma patienterstillstånd. Bedömningen ligger som grund förfortsatt vårdinriktning och prioritering. Återkoppling/patientuppföljningfrån sjukhuset kan innebära att rätt diagnos sätts samt hjälpaambulanssjuksköterskan att avgöra om prehospitalt bedömt tillstånd varitkorrekt. Syftet med studien var att beskriva specialistutbildadeambulanssjuksköterskors behov av återkoppling avseende bedömning och behandlingefter avslutat ambulansuppdrag. Studien genomfördes som en enkätundersökning.Femton specialistutbildade ambulanssjuksköterskor från två ambulansstationer iHalland ingick i studien. Majoriteten av ambulanssjuksköterskorna såg behovetav återkoppling/patientuppföljning samt ansåg att det är svårt att fåinformation om de patienter som lämnats på sjukhuset. Personliga relationertill patient ansvarigsjuksköterska på vårdande enheter visade sig spela en vissroll när det gällde att får information om patienterna. Utformande av enhandlingsplan för regelbunden återkoppling avseende bedömning och behandlingefter avslutat ambulansuppdrag skulle utgöra en relativt kostnadseffektivutbildning för ambulanssjuksköterskor som skulle kunna öka patientsäkerheten.Resultatet kan komma att användas i framtiden för att utforma en handlingsplanför regelbunden återkoppling avseende bedömning och behandling efter avslutat ambulansuppdrag.Avslutningsvis kan påstås att det är gratis kompetenshöjning där alla ärvinnare om ambulanssjuksköterskan får möjlighet till patientuppföljning.

A transition to low speed vehicles (LSVs), a federally-designated class of vehicles smaller, lighter and slower (limited to maximum speeds between 20 and 25 mph) than conventional automobiles, for intra-city travel offers several advantages. Their smaller size provides roadway space for other modes such as cycling and reduces the amount of land dedicated to vehicles. Their lower maximum speeds are more compatible with operation in populated areas where cars traveling at 30 mph prove deadly for pedestrians and people biking, and their energy usage and emissions are less than conventional automobiles. Communities such as Lincoln, CA, Peachtree City, GA, and those in the South Bay Cities and Western Riverside Councils of Governments in California recognize the benefits of using LSVs and actively provide infrastructure and programs to support their use. Considering the advantages of LSVs, this dissertation demonstrates potential ways to transition to LSVs and seeks to answer a question considered key to their adoption as the means of motorized travel in the city: Could LSVs also offer a travel time advantage? The basis for this seemingly paradoxical question is the observation that because of their smaller size, lower weight, and slower speed, more space- and operationally-efficient intersections, such as LSV-scaled roundabouts, overpasses and interchanges, are possible within the existing right-of-way to replace signalized intersections. The hypothesis that LSVs can offer comparable or better travel time compared to conventional automobiles assumes the removal of intersection delay will allow LSVs to make-up for their slower speeds. The methodology to test the hypothesis uses dynamic traffic assignment to compare average system, corridor and origin to destination travel times for conventional automobiles and LSVs in a subnetwork of Austin, Texas during transition periods when both vehicles are permitted and when only LSVs may be used for intra-city motorized travel. The findings indicate LSVs can offer similar and in some cases better average travel times than those for conventional automobiles, especially for the LSV-only network. However, careful planning is required during the transition stages when both vehicle types are in operation to maintain acceptable travel times for both conventional automobiles and LSVs. / text

A comprehensive approach is conducted to better utilize dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) in transportation planning by investigating its role in: (1) high-order functions, (2) project evaluation, and (3) traffic assignment. A method is proposed to integrate DTA and the four-step planning model such that traffic assignment is conducted at the subnetwork level while the feedback process occurs at the regional level. By allowing interaction between the subnetwork and regional area, the method is shown to be more beneficial than previous integration structures. Additionally, DTA is applied to a case study involving the proposed urban rail system in Austin, TX. The case study showcases the benefits and capabilities of DTA when analyzing traffic impacts caused by transit rail facilities. Multiple equilibria are shown to arise in simulation-based DTA models due to simplified fundamental diagrams. Piecewise linear diagrams are introduced to eliminate unlikely equilibria. Game theory is also applied to DTA; it is shown that an equilibrium solution is guaranteed to exist for general networks in mixed strategies, and unrealistic equilibria are reduced using the trembling hand refinement. / text