<p> Nine rock samples from the mafic volcanics of Mamainse Point, Ontario were analysed for boron using Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) and Alpha-Track Imaging (ATI). The mean concentration of boron in these rocks was 7.85 ppm with a maximum concentration of 15.5 ppm and a minimum concentration of 4.21 ppm. The Mamainse Point samples are therefore enriched in boron relative to fresh basalts (~ 2 ppm B) but depleted relative to basalts altered on the seafloor (30 - 60 ppm B). From ATI the boron was found to be most highly concentrated in iron oxides, chlorite, stilpnomelane and microscopic fractures throughout the rock. Plagioclase, clinopyroxene, quartz and calcite were all low in boron.</p> <p> These results led to the conclusion that the Mamainse Point Formation is of continental rather than marine origin. The addition of boron to the rock has resulted from penecontemporaneous burial and hydrothermal metamorphism in the zeolite and subgreenschist facies through the interaction of boron-bearing hydrothermal fluids. The source of the boron is thought to be from the surrounding Precambrian terrain (Canadian Shield), the lower continental crust and magmatic fluids associated with volcanism.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

Orientadores: Roberto Perez Xavier, Carlos Roberto de Souza Filho, Lena Virginia Soares Monteiro / Tese (doutorado) -Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T19:03:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_EmersondeResende_D.pdf: 11938678 bytes, checksum: fdc3794a3948e2508d41b33690dcf01d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O depósito de óxido de ferro-cobre-ouro de Sossego na Província Mineral de Carajás (PMC), região norte do Brasil, consiste de três corpos de minério principais, denominados Sossego-Curral, Sequeirinho-Baiano e Pista, envolvidos por zonas de alteração hidrotermal sódica, sódico-cálcica, potássica, clorítica e hidrolítica. Essas zonas de alteração hidrotermal mostram diferentes graus de desenvolvimento em cada corpo de minério. Os estágios iniciais de alteração foram controlados pelo fluxo de fluido em zonas de cisalhamento regionais, enquanto a mineralização cupro-aurífera corresponde a uma fase tardia e se formou em um ambiente estrutural rúptil. Salmouras hipersalinas, quentes (> 500 oC) e compostas essencialmente por NaCl-CaCl2-H2O podem estar associadas com o desenvolvimento inicial do sistema hidrotermal Sossego. As brechas sulfetadas Sequeirinho e Sossego mostram um enriquecimento em Cu-Fe-Au-(Ag)- Ni-Co-Se-Y-V-P-La-Ce e baixo conteúdo de Ti, semelhante a outros depósitos de óxido de Fe-Cu-Au em Carajás e em termos mundiais. O alto conteúdo de Ni, Co, Se, V e Pd, especialmente no corpo Sequeirinho, possivelmente é decorrente da lixiviação de metais a partir de fontes como o gabro, que tem relação espacial com os corpos de magnetitito e as zonas mineralizadas, e lente de rochas metaultramáficas do Supergrupo Itacaiúnas. Os processos de interação fluido-rocha devem ter resultado em significativa lixiviação de metais da seqüência de rochas hospedeiras, que foi acentuado por fluidos hidrotermais inicialmente de alta temperatura (>500 oC) e alto conteúdo de cloreto no sistema hidrotermal Sossego, movido pelo calor dos vários episódios de intrusões registrados na PMC. As inclusões fluidas de amostras dos estágios finais da evolução do sistema hidrotermal Sossego, indicam a participação de (1) salmouras hipersalinas; (2) salmouras salinas, de baixa temperatura (~150 oC) e ricos em CaCl2; e (3) fluidos de baixa salinidade e baixa temperatura (< 250 oC) e compostos por NaCl-H2O, representativos, respectivamente dos estágios inicial, principal e final da mineralização de Cu-Au. As salmouras salinas ricas em CaCl2 poderiam refletir uma evolução contínua a partir de um fluido hipersalino magmático ou envolver fluidos bacinais de baixa temperatura, incluindo um componente derivado de evaporitos. Os fluidos portadores de NaCl e de baixa salinidade predominam nos estágios finais do evento mineralizante e podem representar o influxo de fluidos meteóricos. A transição para um regime estrutural dominantemente rúptil e o resfriamento do sistema favorecem o influxo desses fluidos meteóricos oxidados. A mistura de fluidos pode ter sido o mecanismo principal que desencadeou a precipitação da maior parte do Cu e Au nos diferentes corpos de minério do depósito de Sossego. / Abstract: The Sossego iron oxide-copper-gold deposit in the Carajás Mineral Province (CMP), northern Brazil, consists of three main orebodies, named Sossego-Curral, Sequeirinho-Baiano and Pista, enveloped by sodic, sodic-calcic, potassic, chloritic, and hydrolithic hydrothermal alteration zones. These alteration zones display different degrees of development in these orebodies. The early alteration stages were controlled by fluid-flow in large-scale regional shear zones, whereas bulk copper-gold mineralization was late and formed in a brittle structural environment. Hypersaline NaCl-CaCl2-H2O hot (>500 oC) brines could be associated with the initial development of the hydrothermal system. Sequeirinho and Sossego sulfide ore breccias are marked by enrichment in Cu-Fe-Au-(Ag)-Ni-Co-Se-Y-V-P-La-Ce and low contents of Ti, which also occur in other IOCG deposits of CMP and worldwide IOCG deposits. The high contents of Ni, Co, Se, V and Pd, particularly in Sequeirinho orebody, possibly were originated by metal leaching from sources such as intrusive gabbro, which have spatial relationship with massive magnetite bodies and mineralized zones, and metaultramafic lenses of Itacaiúnas Supergroup. Fluid-rock interaction process might have resulted in significant metal leaching from host sequences, enhanced by early high temperature (>500 oC) and high chloride concentrations of hydrothermal fluids in the extensive Sossego hydrothermal system driven by heat from several intrusive episodes recorded in the CMP. Fluid inclusions of the samples from the final stages of evolution of the Sossego hydrothermal system in brittle conditions, indicated participation of hot hypersaline brines, low temperature (~150 oC) CaCl2-rich saline brines and low-temperature (<250 oC) low salinity NaCl-H2O fluids in early, main and late mineralization stages. The CaCl2-rich saline brines could reflect continuum evolution from magmatic hypersaline fluids or involve low temperature basinal, including evaporite-derived fluids. Low salinity, NaCl-bearing fluids, predominates in late stages and reflect channelized influx of meteoric fluids. The transition to a dominantly brittle structural regime and cooling of the system favors the influx of these oxidized meteoric-derived fluids. Fluid mixing could have represented a major influence on ore precipitation in different orebodies from the Sossego IOCG deposit and could have had fundamental importance to trigger the bulk of copper deposition. / Doutorado / Metalogenese / Doutor em Ciências