Yes / Organelle biogenesis is concomitant to organelle inheritance during cell division. It is necessary that organelles double their size and divide to give rise to two identical daughter cells. Mitochondrial biogenesis occurs by growth and division of pre-existing organelles and is temporally coordinated with cell cycle events [1]. However, mitochondrial biogenesis is not only produced in association with cell division. It can be produced in response to an oxidative stimulus, to an increase in the energy requirements of the cells, to exercise training, to electrical stimulation, to hormones, during development, in certain mitochondrial diseases, etc. [2]. Mitochondrial biogenesis is therefore defined as the process via which cells increase their individual mitochondrial mass [3]. Recent discoveries have raised attention to mitochondrial biogenesis as a potential target to treat diseases which up to date do not have an efficient cure. Mitochondria, as the major ROS producer and the major antioxidant producer exert a crucial role within the cell mediating processes such as apoptosis, detoxification, Ca2+ buffering, etc. This pivotal role makes mitochondria a potential target to treat a great variety of diseases. Mitochondrial biogenesis can be pharmacologically manipulated. This issue tries to cover a number of approaches to treat several diseases through triggering mitochondrial biogenesis. It contains recent discoveries in this novel field, focusing on advanced mitochondrial therapies to chronic and degenerative diseases, mitochondrial diseases, lifespan extension, mitohormesis, intracellular signaling, new pharmacological targets and natural therapies. It contributes to the field by covering and gathering the scarcely reported pharmacological approaches in the novel and promising field of mitochondrial biogenesis.

This diploma thesis, "Alzheimer's disabilities ", deals with questions around people with Alzheimer's disabilities, which is the most common type of dementia. Alzheimer's disabilities is also very widespread in the population; and it is the 4th or 5th most common cause of death. The thesis is divided into two parts, the first part is theoretical and the second is empirical. In the theoretical part the thesis deals with the general characteristics of this disorder such as: causes, prevention, clinical manifestations, consequences, diagnostics and pharmacological approaches. The main focus of the theoretical part is in the second chapter, which deals with non-pharmacological approaches to people with Alzheimer's disabilities. In the empirical part, case studies on sufferers of Alzheimer's disabilities will be included. The empirical part focuses on substantive changes which occur in the lives of people with Alzheimer's disabilities, and whether these changes can be confirmed as being consequential of the affliction. Key words Dementia, Alzheimer's disabilities, clinical manifestation, non-pharmacological approaches.

Les « symptômes comportementaux et psychologiques de la démence » (SCPD) posent, au quotidien du prendre-soin et de l’accompagnement des personnes présentant un syndrome démentiel, des difficultés plus importantes que les autres types de troubles, cognitifs notamment. La littérature et les études consacrées à ces SCPD n’avaient jusqu’à présent pas fait l’objet d’une revue critique permettant de faire le point sur leur définition et leur interprétation de ces troubles, et sur les pistes de prévention et d’apaisement proposées.Le présent travail, se plaçant sous l’égide d’une conception phénoménologique des syndromes démentiels telle que développée par le psychogérontologue anglais Tom Kitwood, suivra plusieurs étapes essentielles pour mieux comprendre les différentes dimensions à l’origine de ces troubles : les modifications des facultés cognitives, les altérations de l’humeur, les facteurs environnementaux et psycho-sociaux (stigmatisation et exclusion notamment).Ces premières étapes conduiront dans un second temps à présenter quelques unes des pistes élaborées par plusieurs auteurs, parmi lesquels Louis Ploton, Tom Kitwood et ses collègues du Bradford Dementia Group, destinées à prévenir ces troubles par l’élaboration d’un prendre-soin adapté et d’un environnement prothétique.Nous reviendrons ensuite au cœur des conceptions et définitions des SCPD. Pour les aborder avec un autre regard et mieux percevoir ce qu’ils expriment, ce qu’ils nous disent, ce qu’ils appellent comme philosophies et approches du prendre-soin. / The “behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia” (BPSD) present, in the daily care of people with dementia, greater difficulties than other types of disorders, including cognitive. Literature and studies on these BPSD had so far not been critically reviewed to take stock of their definition and interpretation of these disorders and the prevention guidelines and appeasement which are proposed.This work, placing itself under the aegis of a phenomenological concept of dementia as developed by the English social-psychologist Tom Kitwood, will follow several key steps to better understand the different dimensions which are the origin of these disorders: changes in schools cognitive, mood alterations, environmental and psycho-social factors (stigmatization and exclusion in particular).These initial steps will lead a second time to present some of the tracks developed by several authors, including Louis Ploton, Tom Kitwood and his colleagues of the Bradford Dementia Group, to prevent these problems by developing a suitable care and a prosthetic environment.Then back to the heart of conceptions and definitions of BPSD. In order to approach them with a different look and better express what they perceive, what they tell us, what they call as philosophies and approaches of taking care.

The main goal of the thesis entitled "The selected methods of social work with clients self-non sufficient in health care facilities" was to describe and to analyze methods used in activation of the elderly suffering from dementia. It draws a comparison of different settings and explores workers's attitude to the methods of activation. The text of the thesis was mapped out into five chapters. The first chapter was set into the context of old age and ageing. The second chapter is concerned with the issues of self-sufficiency and dependency of old age and other related issues. The topic of the third chapter is old age in relation with memory. It defines memory and memory disorders in the elderly suffering from dementia. The fourth chapter is crucial and gives an idea of non-pharmacological and other possible activities which are eligible for application in practice and are intended to reduce cognitive disorders of cognitive functions and behavior disorders. The theoretical part enters into research carried out in four facilities which care for clients with dementia. The research section is represented by a qualitative research where methods of a half structured interview and observation were opted for. The interviews were realized with eight practicing experts. The outcomes gathered from the...