Report (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. M.S. 1992. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-47). Also available via the Internet.

ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Near real-time telemetry acquisition, processing and analysis on a desktop PC have always been difficult. Many factors complicate working with real-time data, including operating system latencies, design inefficiencies and hardware limitations. These problems are further compounded when data from multiple sources had to be integrated, increasing design complexity. Current design solutions for analyzing data in near real-time now utilize the latest hardware implementations and software designs, taking advantage of new hardware and language features. This paper will discuss several issues found with PC-based telemetry systems and how new designs are addressing these issues.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / With the move toward design and interface standards in data acquisition and processing hardware and software, the development of open architecture telemetry processing systems has moved from a goal to a reality. The potential for a system to support hardware and software from a variety of vendors, allow inclusion of user-written software and user-provided interfaces, and provide a scalable, growth oriented processing capability can now be realized. This paper discusses the open architecture concept throughout the hardware and software components of the typical telemetry processing system. Utilizing such a system ensures flexibility to support different configurations, better and faster analysis through greater user programmability, and overall reduced costs by providing a system that can grow as future hardware and software components are brought to market.

Motion blur is one important method for increasing the visual quality of real-time applications. This is increasingly true in the area of interactive applications, where designers often seek to add graphical flair or realism to their programs. These applications often have animated characters with a polygonal mesh wrapped around an animated skeleton; and as the skeleton moves the mesh deforms with it. This thesis presents a method for adding a geometric motion blur to a deforming polygonal mesh. The scheme presented tracks an object's motion silhouette, and uses this to create a polygonal mesh. When this mesh is added to the scene, it gives the appearance of a motion blur on a single object or particular character. The method is generic enough to work on nearly any type of moving polygonal model. Examples are given that show how the method could be expanded and how changes could be made to improve its performance.

Diagnostic ultrasound is a non-invasive image modality commonly used to diagnose multiple diseases. Sonographers and physicians have to devote a substantial amount of time learning how the combination of the various parameters of the ultrasound system affects the resulting ultrasound information among its different modalities. The primary objective of this thesis is to create a mechanistic ultrasound simulation method that could achieve near real-time performance to teach and train sonographers and physicians. A major bottleneck for achieving real-time performance with available tools was the transducer field simulation method that uses the impulse response technique. To address this problem a new simulation approach was developed. This project was realized in a three-phase approach, specifically to simulate spectral Doppler. In first place, it was shown that is possible to mechanistically simulate the sample volume power distribution using a novel method based on an array of point sources to represent the transducer geometry. Secondly, by comparison with the Field II results, it was demonstrated that the time-domain signal could be closely reproduced using point sources. Finally, by treating the array of point sources as point receivers, the received signal was compared with the results from Field II, and again, good agreement was achieved. Simulation results were compared against the standard simulation method for a number of examples involving steady and pulsatile flow, for which the spectrograms were compared against Field II. Also presented are preliminary results obtained using the point source approach to simulate B-mode images. As well, methods are described for generating Doppler spectrograms from the results of computation fluid dynamics velocity fields obtained in realistic arterial geometrical models. It is pointed out that the successful simulation of the time domain signal opens the possibility for real-time simulation of other ultrasound modes.

Diagnostic ultrasound is a non-invasive image modality commonly used to diagnose multiple diseases. Sonographers and physicians have to devote a substantial amount of time learning how the combination of the various parameters of the ultrasound system affects the resulting ultrasound information among its different modalities. The primary objective of this thesis is to create a mechanistic ultrasound simulation method that could achieve near real-time performance to teach and train sonographers and physicians. A major bottleneck for achieving real-time performance with available tools was the transducer field simulation method that uses the impulse response technique. To address this problem a new simulation approach was developed. This project was realized in a three-phase approach, specifically to simulate spectral Doppler. In first place, it was shown that is possible to mechanistically simulate the sample volume power distribution using a novel method based on an array of point sources to represent the transducer geometry. Secondly, by comparison with the Field II results, it was demonstrated that the time-domain signal could be closely reproduced using point sources. Finally, by treating the array of point sources as point receivers, the received signal was compared with the results from Field II, and again, good agreement was achieved. Simulation results were compared against the standard simulation method for a number of examples involving steady and pulsatile flow, for which the spectrograms were compared against Field II. Also presented are preliminary results obtained using the point source approach to simulate B-mode images. As well, methods are described for generating Doppler spectrograms from the results of computation fluid dynamics velocity fields obtained in realistic arterial geometrical models. It is pointed out that the successful simulation of the time domain signal opens the possibility for real-time simulation of other ultrasound modes.

Knowledge of viscosity of flow streams is essential for the design and operation of production facilities, drilling operations and reservoir engineering calculations. The determination of the viscosity of a reservoir fluid at downhole conditions still remains a complex task due to the difficulty of designing a tool capable of measuring accurate rheological information under harsh operational conditions. This dissertation presents the evaluation of the performance of a novel device designed to measure the viscosity of a fluid at downhole conditions. The design investigated in this study addresses several limitations encountered in previous designs. The prototype was calibrated and tested with fluids with viscosities ranging from 1 to 28 cp under temperatures ranging from 100 to 160oF. Viscosity measurements were validated with independent measurements using a Brookfield viscometer. We proposed a mathematical model to describe the performance of the device for Power-law fluids. This model describes the response of the device as a function of the rheology of the fluid and the physical dimensions of the device. Experimental data suggests the validity of the model to predict the response of the device under expected operating conditions. This model can be used to calculate optimal dimensions of the device for customized target applications.

Considered is a class of cooperative control problems that has a special affine characterization. Included in this class of multi-agent problems are the so called radar deception problem, formation keeping and formation reconfiguration. An intrinsic geometric formulation of the associated constraints unifies this class of problems and it is the first time such a generalization has been presented. Based on this geometric formulation, a real-time motion planning algorithm is proposed to generate dynamically feasible reference trajectories for the class. The proposed approach explicitly considers actuator and operating constraints of the individual agents and constrained dynamics are derived intrinsically for the multi-agent system which makes these constraints transparent. Deriving the constrained dynamics eliminates the need for nonlinear programming to account for the system constraints, making the approach amenable to real-time control. Explicit consideration of actuator and operating limitations and nonholonomic constraints in the design of the reference trajectories addresses the important issue of dynamic feasibility. The motion planning algorithm developed here is verified through simulations for the radar deception, rigid formation keeping and formation reconfiguration problems. A key objective of this study is to advocate a change in paradigm in the approach to formation control by addressing the key issues of dynamic feasibility and computational complexity. The other important contributions of this study are: Unifying formulation of constrained dynamics for a class of problems in formation control through the intrinsic geometry of their nonholonomic and holonomic constraints; Deriving these constrained dynamics in any choice of frame that can even be coordinate free; Explicit consideration of actuator and operating limits in formation control to design dynamically feasible reference trajectories and Developing a real-time, distributed, scalable motion planning algorithm applicable to a class of autonomous multi-agent systems in formation control.